Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 31, Problem 1CT
IPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stem cells in terms of gene expression, but there may be other ways in which they are not equivalent. For example, the telomeres of IPSCs often vary in length, with many IPSCs cells having telomeres shorter than those of embryonic. How might shortened telomeres affect the life-span of IPSCs or of differentiated cells derived from them?
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Overexpression of the Myc protein is a common feature of many types of cancer cells, contributing to their excessive cell growth and proliferation. By contrast, when Myc is overexpressed in most normal cells, the result is not excessive proliferation, but cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis.Which one of the following statements provides the most likely explanation for why overexpression of Myc can have such different outcomes in normal cells and in cancer cells?
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With age, somatic cells are thought to accumulategenomic “scars” as a result of the inaccurate repair of dou-ble-strand breaks by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ).Estimates based on the frequency of breaks in primaryhuman fibroblasts suggest that by age 70, each humansomatic cell may carry some 2000 NHEJ-induced muta-tions due to inaccurate repair. If these mutations weredistributed randomly around the genome, how many pro-tein-coding genes would you expect to be affected? Wouldyou expect cell function to be compromised? Why or whynot? (Assume that 2% of the genome—1.5% protein-cod-ing and 0.5% regulatory—is crucial information.)
Like Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an abnormal accumulationof substances within lysosomes. However, the lysosomes of individuals with Fabry disease show an abnormal accumulation of lipids. The defective enzyme is α-galactosidase A, which is a lysosomal enzyme that functions in lipid metabolism. The defect causes cell damage, especially to the kidneys, heart, and eyes. The gene that encodes α-galactosidase A is found on the X chromosome. Let’s suppose a phenotypically unaffected couple producestwo sons with Fabry disease and one phenotypically unaffecteddaughter. What is the probability that the daughter will have anaffected son?
Chapter 31 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 31 - Cultured Skin for Healing Wounds Diabetes is a...Ch. 31 - Cultured Skin for Healing Wounds Diabetes is a...Ch. 31 - Cultured Skin for Healing Wounds Diabetes is a...Ch. 31 - ___ tissues are sheetlike with one free surface....Ch. 31 - _______ keep fluid from leaking between cells. a....Ch. 31 - Exocrine glands are specialized ______ tissue. a....Ch. 31 - A rubbery secreted matrix or proteoglycans and...Ch. 31 - Blood cells develop from stem cells in ________....Ch. 31 - Prob. 6SQCh. 31 - Cytoplasmic extensions of _______ send and receive...
Ch. 31 - ______ muscle pulls on bones and _______ muscle...Ch. 31 - Straps or dense, regular connective tissue...Ch. 31 - ______ increase the surface area of some...Ch. 31 - Tears are an _______ secretion released by...Ch. 31 - Cancers most commonly arise in ______ tissue. a....Ch. 31 - The most abundant protein in your body is _______....Ch. 31 - Match each term with the most suitable...Ch. 31 - With negative feedback, detection of a change...Ch. 31 - IPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stem...Ch. 31 - Radiation and chemotherapy drugs preferentially...Ch. 31 - Each level of biological organization has emergent...
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