Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 30.1, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Animals gets its source of energy from organic compounds that is generated by plants. Plants gets it source of energy from light, water, carbon dioxide and minerals from the soil.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Fill in the blanks. Blanks with the same letter are the same molecule.
Molecules to use: ATP, CO2, H2O, O2, sugars.
Cellular respiration requires (a)______________ and oxidizes (b)____________ to release
free energy and regenerate (c)____________, with (d)____________ and (e)___________ released as
byproducts. Photosynthesis uses light energy to split (d)___________ and to reduce (e)___________
to build (b)__________ for storing free energy, with (a)___________ and (d)___________ released as
byproducts.
Why do the electrons in water and carbon dioxide have so little chemical energy?
Because there are oxygen atoms in these molecules. The high electronegativity of oxygen pulls the electrons to low energy levels.
Because they are the end products of cellular respiration and this is the only place where these molecules are produced.
Because animals and plants release carbon dioxide and water into the atmosphere.
All of the above
Carotenoids Chlorophyll Phycobilin c
______________are pigments in the plants chloroplasts that helps in trapping the sunlight. There are different pigments that are found in photosynthetic organisms. Chlorophyll a and b are mostly found in plants. Meanwhile, chlorophyll ___, is found on most microorganisms. There are other pigments that can be found in photosynthetic organisms which help in absorbing a different spectrum of visible light such as, _________________ that usually gives the yellow-orange-red colors of leaves in the autumn, and ___________________, that is water-soluble and are present among cyanobacteria and red algae.
Chapter 30 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 30.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 30.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 30.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 30.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 30.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 30.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 30.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 30.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 30.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 30.4 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 30.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 30.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 30.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 30.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 30.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 30.5 - Which scenario is most closely related to sugar...Ch. 30 - Which of the following can limit plant growth in...Ch. 30 - Prob. 2TYCh. 30 - Soil organic matter provides the benefit of...Ch. 30 - Prob. 4TYCh. 30 - Prob. 5TYCh. 30 - Prob. 6TYCh. 30 - Prob. 7TYCh. 30 - Prob. 8TYCh. 30 - Why is it a bad idea to overfertilize your...Ch. 30 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 30 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 30 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 30 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Biofuels A lot of energy is locked up in the chemical bonds of molecules made by plants. That energy can fuel consumers, as when an animal cell powers ATP synthesis by aerobic respiration. It can also fuel our cars, which run on energy released by burning biofuels or fossil fuels. Both processes are fundamentally the same: They release energy by breaking the bonds of organic molecules. Both use oxygen to break those bonds, and both produce carbon dioxide. Unlike fossil fuels, biofuels are a renewable source of energy: We can always make more of them simply by growing more plants. Also unlike fossil fuels, biofuels do not contribute to global climate change, because growing plant matter for fuel recycles carbon that is already in the atmosphere. Corn, soy, sugarcane, and other food crops are rich in oils, starches, and sugars that can be easily converted to biofuels. The starch in corn kernels, for example, can be enzymatically broken down to glucose, which is fermented to ethanol by bacteria or yeast. However, growing food crops for biofuel production typically requires a lot of energy (in the form of fossil fuels) and it damages the environment. Making biofuels from other plant matter such as weeds or agricultural waste requires additional steps, because these materials contain a higher proportion of cellulose. Breaking down this tough carbohydrate to its glucose monomers adds cost to the biofuel product. In 2006, David Tilman and his colleagues published the results of a 10-year study comparing the net energy output of various biofuels. The researchers made biofuel from a mixture of native perennial grasses grown without irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides, or herbicides, in sandy soil that was so depleted by intensive agriculture that it had been abandoned. The energy content of this biofuel and the energy it took to produce it were measured and compared with that of biofuels made from food crops (Figure 5.16). The production of which biofuel was most efficient (which had the highest ratio of energy output to energy input)?arrow_forwardBiofuels A lot of energy is locked up in the chemical bonds of molecules made by plants. That energy can fuel consumers, as when an animal cell powers ATP synthesis by aerobic respiration. It can also fuel our cars, which run on energy released by burning biofuels or fossil fuels. Both processes are fundamentally the same: They release energy by breaking the bonds of organic molecules. Both use oxygen to break those bonds, and both produce carbon dioxide. Unlike fossil fuels, biofuels are a renewable source of energy: We can always make more of them simply by growing more plants. Also unlike fossil fuels, biofuels do not contribute to global climate change, because growing plant matter for fuel recycles carbon that is already in the atmosphere. Corn, soy, sugarcane, and other food crops are rich in oils, starches, and sugars that can be easily converted to biofuels. The starch in corn kernels, for example, can be enzymatically broken down to glucose, which is fermented to ethanol by bacteria or yeast. However, growing food crops for biofuel production typically requires a lot of energy (in the form of fossil fuels) and it damages the environment. Making biofuels from other plant matter such as weeds or agricultural waste requires additional steps, because these materials contain a higher proportion of cellulose. Breaking down this tough carbohydrate to its glucose monomers adds cost to the biofuel product. In 2006, David Tilman and his colleagues published the results of a 10-year study comparing the net energy output of various biofuels. The researchers made biofuel from a mixture of native perennial grasses grown without irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides, or herbicides, in sandy soil that was so depleted by intensive agriculture that it had been abandoned. The energy content of this biofuel and the energy it took to produce it were measured and compared with that of biofuels made from food crops (Figure 5.16). About how much energy did ethanol produced from one hectare of corn yield? How much energy did it take to grow and produce that ethanol?arrow_forwardFigure 8.18 Which of the following statements is true? In photosynthesis, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH are reactants. G3P and water are products. In photosynthesis, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide are reactants. G3P and oxygen are products. In photosynthesis, water, carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH are reactants. RuBP and oxygen are products. In photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide are reactants. G3P and oxygen are products.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. Pigments absorb light of certain wavelengths only. b. Many accessory pigments are multipurpose molecules. c. Chlorophyll a is green because it absorbs green light.arrow_forwardFigure 46.10 Pyramids depicting the number of organisms or biomass may be inverted, upright, or even diamond-shaped. Energy pyramids, however, are always upright. Why?arrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE. _____. Light energy can be transformed into chemical energy by photoautotrophs _____. Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight in photosynthesis _____. Glucose provides fixed carbon that can be used to build all other organic molecules _____. Electron phosphorylation produces the most ATP during aerobic respiration PLZ ANS ALLarrow_forward
- 1. Which of the following is the process plants use to make their own food? A. Chemosynthesis B. Heterotrophy C. Photosynthesis D. Saprophytic nutrition 2. Organisms that make their own food are known as ? A. Autotrophs B. Herbivores C. Heterotrophs D. Omnivores 3. Which of the following is the basic source of energy for all animals? A. Carbohydrates B. Minerals C. Proteins D. Vitaminsarrow_forwardThe major source of energy for most cells comes from absorbing solar and geothermal energy. utilizing high energy compounds. breaking the last bond in ATP. making the last bond in ATP.arrow_forwardCarbon fixation during the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis obtains its carbon atoms: from water molecules only from carbon monoxide molecules only from H2O molecules only from carbon dioxide molecules only from CO molecules onlyarrow_forward
- Fill in the blank: Addition of electron(s) to a substance is the process of (1). Removal of electron(s) from a substance is the process of (2). In terms of moving the electrons from one substance to another, electron carriers that are (3) or are (4) can be employed. Bacteria can have electrons move along the (5) membrane. (6) move each electron to stronger and stronger electron acceptors in the membrane. Ultimately, the electron will be added to (7) to generate water. Meanwhile, the protons generated during all this electron transfer are transported back across the membrane to form (8).arrow_forwardWhy do the cells of photosynthetic organisms contain accessory pigments? Accessory pigments provide a backup source of energy if the main pigment type fails. Accessory pigments direct light toward the primary pigment. Accessory pigments optimize the amount of energy that can be harvested in specific environments. Accessory pigments provide structural support for the primary pigments. Accessory pigments allow photosynthesis to occur at any time of the day.arrow_forwardPhotosynthesis directly opposes respiration in determining how plants influence atmospheric CO2 concentrations. When a leaf is in the light, both photosynthesis and respiration are occurring simultaneously. The data in the Table were collected from the leaf of a sagebrush plant that was enclosed in a chamber that measures the rate of CO2 exchange. The same leaf was used to collect the data in Interpret the Data in Chapter 7. Respiration is shown as a negative and photosynthesis as a positive rate of CO2 exchange. The net photosynthesis rate is the amount of CO2 (in micromoles per square meter per second) assimilated by the leaf while respiration is occurring; a positive value indicates more photosynthesis is occurring than respiration. The light exposed to the leaf is quantified as the number of photons in the 400 to 700 nm wavelength, the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD); 2,000 mol/m2/s is equivalent to the amount of light occurring at midday in full Sun. Observation Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) (mol/m2/s) Net Photosynthesis (mol/m2/s) 1 2,000 9.1 2 1,500 8.4 3 1,250 8.2 4 1,000 7.4 5 750 6.3 6 500 4.8 7 250 2.2 8 0 -2.0 Why is net photosynthesis negative when PPFD is zero? Looking at the respiration data from Interpret the Data in Chapter 7, at what temperature do you think these data were collected? Source: Data based on unpublished research by Brent Ewers, University of Wyoming.arrow_forward
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