Biology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780073383071
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 7A
The spontaneous formation of a lipid bilayer in an aqueous environment occurs because
a. the polar head groups of the phospholipids can interact with water.
b. the long fatty acid tails of the phospholipids can interact with water.
c. the fatty acid tails of the phospholipids are hydrophobic.
d. Both a and c are correct.
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What properties define the phospholipids that make up the lipid bilayer? Select all that apply.
A. Nonpolar, hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails
B. Polar, hydrophilic phosphate heads
C. Nonpolar, hydrophobic phosphate heads
D. Polar, hydrophilic hydrocarbon tails
Why do phospholipids tend to spontaneously orient themselves into something resembling a membrane such as the lipid-bilayer sphere, single-layer lipid sphere, and lipid-bilayer sheet?
a. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. The polar head faces towards water and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face towards other fatty acid tails.
b. Phospholipids are lipophilic molecules. The polar head faces towards water and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face towards other fatty acid tails
c. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. The nonpolar head faces towards other fatty acid tails and the polar fatty acid tails face towards water.
d. Phospholipids are hydrophilic molecules. The polar head faces towards water and the nonpolar fatty acid tails face towards other fatty acid tails.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the fatty acid residues in membrane lipids?
A. Whole swathes of the membrane have higher saturated residues to increase the overall surface tension.
B. There are more unsaturated units to maintain the fluidity of the structure at all environmental temperatures.
C. More unsaturated residues are present to increase the melting point of the membrane making it resilient.
D. Larger quantities of saturated units are present to maximize stacking and provide effective barrier capacity.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1UCh. 3 - Why are carbohydrates important molecules for...Ch. 3 - Plant cells store energy in the form of ______,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4UCh. 3 - A molecule of DNA or RNA is a polymer of a....Ch. 3 - Prob. 6UCh. 3 - What monomers make up a protein? a....Ch. 3 - A triglyceride is a form of _______ composed of...Ch. 3 - You can use starch or glycogen as an energy...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is NOT a difference between...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 3ACh. 3 - A mutation that alters a single amino acid within...Ch. 3 - Two different proteins have the same domain in...Ch. 3 - What aspect of triglyceride structure accounts for...Ch. 3 - The spontaneous formation of a lipid bilayer in an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1SCh. 3 - Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3S
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- Define the following terms: a. lipid bilayer b. fluid mosaic model c. membrane fluidity d. flippase e. floppasearrow_forwardFor biological membranes, which of the following statement is NOT true? A. The phospholipid bilayer is a fluid matrix. B. Protein can be anchored to the membrane by covalently linked lipid chains. C. Proteins can move laterally across the membrane. D. For organisms living in cold temperature, their cell membranes contain more triacylglycerols. E. Transverse motion of lipid molecules can occur occasionally. Enzyme lowers when... A. The energy difference between the substrate and the transition state B. The energy difference between the product and the transition state C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor Barrow_forwardWhich of the following does not apply to lipid asymmetry? a.It arises in the endoplasmic reticulum. b.It arises due to the flip-flop movement of specific phospholipids to the cytosolic monolayer. c.It is preserved throughout vesicular transport. d.It depends on the activity of flippase.arrow_forward
- In addition to phospholipids, eukaryotic membranes also contain sterols of various kinds. What's the role of these sterols a. Sterols increase membrane strength b. They function in attaching the membrane to outer layers c. They function in signaling d. They have no function that is critical for eukaryotic cellsarrow_forwardThe structure of a lipid bilayer is determined by the particular properties of its lipid molecules. What would happen if A. Phospholipids had only one hydrocarbon tail instead of two?B. The hydrocarbon tails were shorter than normal, say, about 10 carbon atoms long?C. All of the hydrocarbon tails were saturated?D. All of the hydrocarbon tails were unsaturated?E. The bilayer contained a mixture of two kinds of phospholipid molecules, one with two saturated hydrocarbon tails and the other with two unsaturated hydrocarbon tails?F. Each phospholipid molecule were covalently linked through the end carbon atom of one of its hydrocarbon tails to a phospholipid tail in the opposite monolayer?arrow_forwardFill out the boxes below about saturated and unsaturated fatty acid tails including the details asked for in the first column: Saturated Unsaturated Draw ONE phospholipid with that type of tail. B. Describe the type of bonds and the atoms those bonds are between that define the tail as saturated and unsaturated. C. Draw a membrane with 6+ phospholipids, all of which are made of that tail type. D. Identify if that tail type makes the membrane more fluid or more rigid.arrow_forward
- Choose all that aplly that are TRUE for the lipid bilayer:Negative mark is given to incorrect answer(s). a. The polar head groups of the bilayer are positively charged. b. Individual lipid molecules in one face (monolayer) of the bilayer cannot diffuse (flip-flop) to the other monolayer and must be catalyzed by a lipid transporter called flippase. c. The bilayer is stabilized by covalent bonds between neighbouring phospholipid molecules. d. Polar, but uncharged, compounds readily diffuse across the bilayer. e. Individual lipid molecules are free to diffuse laterally on the surface of the bilayer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the lipid aggregates known as liposomes? A. They contain a hollow non-aqueous interior cavity. B. They are spherical structures with their hydrophobic regions aggregated in the interior cavity. C. They form because the cross-sectional area of the head group is greater than that of the acyl side chain(s). D. They are derived from a bilayer sheet.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms:a. lipid bilayerb. polar head groupc. hydrocarbon taild. integral proteine. peripheral proteinarrow_forward
- Decide whether each of the following molecules will pass through a lipid bilayer. If the molecule will pass through, type yes it will. If the molecule will not pass through, type no it will not. a. Glucose b. Glycerol C.water D. Oxygen gasarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about motion of membrane lipids? A. They can move most rapidly when in the gel phase. B. Lateral diffusion is catalyzed by flippase proteins. C. To increase the fluidity of membranes at low temperatures, cells synthesize more saturated fatty acids and fewer unsaturated fatty acids. D. Transbilayer diffusion involves the transfer of lipids from one face of the bilayer to another.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about binding between cytosolic proteins and phospholipids is true? a. Phospholipids do not possess the appropriate features to bind to cytosolic proteins. b. Binding between cytosolic proteins and phospholipids is non-specific and does not require molecular complimentarity. c. The ability of a cytosolic protein and a phospholipid to bind can be changed by phosphrylation of the phospholipid. For example, different phosphoinositides bind to different cytosolic proteins. d. Phospohorylation of phosphoinositides occurs randomly, whereas protein phosphorylation is mediated by kinases and phosphotases. Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere please answer asaparrow_forward
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