Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)

14th Edition

ISBN: 9780134414232

Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus

Publisher: PEARSON

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Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 68E

The complete combustion of octane, Cngs, a component of gasoline, proceeds as follows:

2 C₈H₁₈(l)+ 25 O₂(g) → 16 CO₂(g) + 18 H₂O (g)

a. How many moles of O₂ are needed to burn 1 50 mol of C₈H₁₈?
b. How many grams of O₂ are needed to burn 10.0 g of C₈H₁₈ ?
c. Octane has a density of 0.692 g/mL at 20 °C. How many grams of O₂ are required to burn 15.0 gal of C₈H₁₈ (the capacity of an average fuel tank)?
d. How many grams of CO₂ are produced when 15.0 gal of C₈H₁₈are combusted?

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Chapter 3, Problem 67E

Chapter 3, Problem 69E

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry: The Central Science (14th Edition)

Ch. 3.1 - In the following diagram, the white spheres...Ch. 3.1 - In the following digram, the white spheres...Ch. 3.1 - The unbalanced equation for the reaction between...Ch. 3.1 - Balance these equations by providing the missing...Ch. 3.2 - Which of the following reactions is the balanced...Ch. 3.2 - Write a balanced equation for (a) solid...Ch. 3.2 - Write the balanced equation for the reaction that...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.4.2PE Ch. 3.3 - Which of the following is the correct formula...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 3.5.2PE

Ch. 3.3 - What is the percentage of nitrogen, by mass, in...Ch. 3.3 - Calculate the percentage of potassium by mass in...Ch. 3.4 - Which of the following samples contains the fewest...Ch. 3.4 - Without using a calculator, arrange these samples...Ch. 3.4 - How many sulfur are in (a) 0.45 mol BaSo4 and (b)...Ch. 3.4 - How many oxygen atoms are in (a) 0.25 mol...Ch. 3.4 - A sample of an ionic compound containing iron and...Ch. 3.4 - Calculate the molar mass of Ca(NO3)2 Ch. 3.4 - A 508-g sample of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.10.2PE Ch. 3.4 - What is the mass, in grams, of 6.33 mol of NaHC03...Ch. 3.4 - What is the mass, in grams, of (a) 0.50 mol of...Ch. 3.4 - How many chlorine atoms are in 12.2 g of CCL4? a....Ch. 3.4 - a. How many nitric acid molecules are in 4.20 g...Ch. 3.5 - A 2.144-g sample of phosgene, a compound used as a...Ch. 3.5 - A 5.325-g sample of methyl benzoate, a compound...Ch. 3.5 - Cyclohexane a commonly used organic solvent, is...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.14.2PE Ch. 3.5 - The compound dioxane, which is used as a solvent...Ch. 3.5 - a. Caproic acid, responsible for the odor of...Ch. 3.6 - Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to...Ch. 3.6 - Decomposition of KCIO3 is sometimes used to...Ch. 3.6 - Propane, C3 H8 (Figure 3.8), is a common fuel used...Ch. 3.6 - Methanol, CH3OH, reacts with oxygen from air in a...Ch. 3.7 - When 24 mol of methanol and 15 mol of oxygen...Ch. 3.7 - a. When 1.50 mol of Al and 3.00 mol of Cl2 combine...Ch. 3.7 - Molten gallium reacts with arsenic to form the...Ch. 3.7 - When a 2.00-g strip of zinc metal is placed in...Ch. 3.7 - If 3.00 g of titanium metal is reacted with 6.00 g...Ch. 3.7 - Imagine you are working on ways to improve the...Ch. 3 - The reaction between reactant A (blue spheres) and...Ch. 3 - The following diagram shows the combination...Ch. 3 - 3.3 The following diagram represents the...Ch. 3 - 3.4 The following diagram represents the...Ch. 3 - Glycine, an amino acid used by organisms to make...Ch. 3 - The following diagram represents a...Ch. 3 - 3.7 Nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) react to form...Ch. 3 - 3.8 Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen react to form...Ch. 3 - Write "true" or "false" for each statement. a. We...Ch. 3 - A key step in balancing chemical equations is...Ch. 3 - Balance the following equations: a. CO(g)...Ch. 3 - Balance the following equations 3. Li(s) + N2(g)...Ch. 3 - 3.13 Balance the following equations: A14C3(s) +...Ch. 3 - 3.14 Balance the following equations: a. Ca3P2(s)...Ch. 3 - 3.15 Write balanced chemical equations...Ch. 3 - Prob. 16E Ch. 3 - Prob. 17E Ch. 3 - 318 a. When a compound containing C, H, and O is...Ch. 3 - Write a balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 3 - 3.20 Write a balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 3 - Balance the following equations and indicate...Ch. 3 - Balance the following equations and indicate...Ch. 3 - Determine the formula weights of each of the...Ch. 3 - 3.24 Determine the formula weights of each of the...Ch. 3 - Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen in the...Ch. 3 - Calculate the percentage by mass of the indicated...Ch. 3 - Based on the following structural formulas,...Ch. 3 - Calculate the percentage of carbon by mass In each...Ch. 3 - Write "true' or 'Yalse' for each statement a- A...Ch. 3 - a. What is the mass, in grams, of one mole of 12C?...Ch. 3 - Without doing any detailed calculations (but using...Ch. 3 - Without doing any detailed calculations {but using...Ch. 3 - What is the mass, m Iqlograms, of an Avogadro“s...Ch. 3 - If Avogadro’s number of pennies is divided equally...Ch. 3 - Calculate the following quantities: a. mass, in...Ch. 3 - Calculate the following quantities: a. mass, in...Ch. 3 - a. What is the mass, in grams, of 2.50 x 10-3 mol...Ch. 3 - a. What is the mass, in grams, of 1.223 mol of...Ch. 3 - 339 The molecular formula of allicin, the...Ch. 3 - 3.40 The molecular formula of aspartame, the...Ch. 3 - 3.41 A sample of glucose, C6H12O6, contains 1.250...Ch. 3 - A sample of the male sex hormone testosterone,...Ch. 3 - 343 The allowable concentration level of vinyl...Ch. 3 - At least 25 g oftetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the...Ch. 3 - Give the empirical formula of each of the...Ch. 3 - Determine the empirical formula of each of the...Ch. 3 - Determine the empirical formulas of the compounds...Ch. 3 - Determine the empirical formulas of the compounds...Ch. 3 - 3.49 A compound whose empirical formula is XF3...Ch. 3 - The compound XCL4contains 75.0% CI by mass What is...Ch. 3 - 3.51 What is the molecular formula of each of the...Ch. 3 - What is the molecular formula of each of the...Ch. 3 - Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of...Ch. 3 - Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of...Ch. 3 - a. Combustion analysis of toluene, a common...Ch. 3 - a. The characteristic odor of pineapple is due to...Ch. 3 - 3.57 Valproic acid, used to treat seizures and...Ch. 3 - Propenoic acid, C3H4O2, is a reactive organic...Ch. 3 - 3.59 Washing soda, a compound used to prepare...Ch. 3 - 3.60 Epsom salts, a strong laxative used in...Ch. 3 - f 3461 Hydrofluoric acid, HF(aq), cannot be stored...Ch. 3 - The reaction between potassium superoxide, KO2,...Ch. 3 - 3,63 Several brands of antacids use Al(OH)3 to...Ch. 3 - 3.64 An iron ore sample contains Fe2O3 together...Ch. 3 - Aluminum sulfides reacts with water to form...Ch. 3 - Calcium hydride reacts with water to form calcium...Ch. 3 - 3.67 Automotive air bags infilate when sodium...Ch. 3 - The complete combustion of octane, Cngs, a...Ch. 3 - 3.69 A piece of aluminum foil 1.00 cm2 and...Ch. 3 - Detonation of nitroglycerin proceeds as follows:...Ch. 3 - 3.71 The combustion of one mole of liquid...Ch. 3 - The combustion of one mole of liquid octane,...Ch. 3 - a. Define the terms limiting reactant and excess...Ch. 3 - Define the terms theoretical yield, actual yield,...Ch. 3 - 3-75 Consider the mixture of ethanol, C2H5OH, and...Ch. 3 - Consider the mixture of propane, C3H8, and O2...Ch. 3 - 3-77 Sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon doxidc...Ch. 3 - 3.78 Aluminum hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid...Ch. 3 - The fizz produced when an Alka-Seltzer tablet is...Ch. 3 - One of the steps in the commercial procas for...Ch. 3 - Solutions of sodium carbonate and silver nitrate...Ch. 3 - Solutions of sulfuric acid and Iead (ll) acetate...Ch. 3 - When benzene (C6H6) reacts with bromine (Br2),...Ch. 3 - When ethane (C6H6) reacts with chlorine (Cl2), the...Ch. 3 - 3.85 Hydrogen sulfide is an impurity in natural...Ch. 3 - 386 When hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled into a...Ch. 3 - 387 Write the balanced chemical equations for a....Ch. 3 - If 1.5 mol C2H5OH, 1.5 mol C3H8, and 1.5 mol...Ch. 3 - 3.89 The effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers...Ch. 3 - 3.90 a. The molecular formula of acetylsalicylic...Ch. 3 - Very small semiconductor crystals, composed of...Ch. 3 - a. One molecule of the antibiotic penicillin G has...Ch. 3 - Serotonin is a compound that conducts nerve...Ch. 3 - 3.94 The koala dines exclusively on eucalyptus...Ch. 3 - 3.95 Vanillin, the dominant flavoring in vanilla,...Ch. 3 - 3.96 An organic compound was found to contain...Ch. 3 - 3.97 A compound, KBrO,, where x is unknown, is...Ch. 3 - 398 An element X forms an iodide (X13) and a...Ch. 3 - A method used by the U.S. Environmental Protection...Ch. 3 - 3.100 A chemical plant uses electrical energy to...Ch. 3 - The fat stored in a camel’s hump is a source of...Ch. 3 - 3.102 When hydrocarbons are burned in a limited...Ch. 3 - 3.103 A mixture of N2(g) and H2(g) reacts in a...Ch. 3 - 3.104 A mixture containing KClO3, K2CO3, KHCO3,...Ch. 3 - When a mixture of 10.0 g of acetylene (C2H2) and...Ch. 3 - 3.106 The semiconductor gallium arsenide, GaAs,...Ch. 3 - 3.107 Paclitaxel, C47H51NO14, is an anticancer...Ch. 3 - 3.108 Consider a sample of calcium carbonate in...Ch. 3 - 3.109 a. You are given a cube of silver metal...Ch. 3 - 3.110 a. If an automobile travels 225 mi with a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 111IE Ch. 3 - 3.112 A particular coal contains 2.596 sulfur by...Ch. 3 - Hydrogen cyanide, HCN, is a poisonous gas. The...Ch. 3 - 3.114 The source of oxygen that drives he...Ch. 3 - 3.115 The therrnite reaction, Fe2O3 +Al Al2O3 +...Ch. 3 - 3.116 One of the most bizarre reactions in...

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