Pathophysiology
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780323354813
Author: Jacquelyn L. Banasik PhD ARNP
Publisher: Saunders
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Chapter 3, Problem 4KQ
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reason behind the production of action potentials by some cells but not others.
Introduction: A short-term alteration in the membrane potential on the surface of a cell with a characteristic pattern in response to stimulation is referred to as action potential. The action potential occurs when different ions cross the plasma membrane. The cells possessing voltage-gated ion channels are excitable, and could synthesize and conduct the action potentials. It results from the opening of fast sodium channels, which in turn allows sodium to rush into the cell.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The action potential is a voltage pulse at one location on a cell membrane. How does it get transmitted along the cell membrane?
The above repolarization of a neuron will result in which of the following ionic currents?
a potassium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm
a sodium current will transport Na+ ions out of the cytoplasm
a potassium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm
a sodium current will transport Na+ ions into the cytoplasm
a sodium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm
What happens to sodium channels and potassium channels during repolarization of a neuron?
both potassium channels and sodium channels remain closed
the sodium channels close, followed by opening of the potassium channels
both sodium channels and potassium channels remain closed
the sodium channels open, but the potassium channels remain closed
both potassium channels and sodium channels remain open
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- What happens to sodium channels and potassium channels during depolarization of a neuron? both potassium channels and sodium channels remain closed the sodium channels close, followed by opening of the potassium channels both sodium channels and potassium channels remain closed the sodium channels open, but the potassium channels remain closed both potassium channels and sodium channels remain open The above depolarization of a neuron will result in which of the following ionic currents? a potassium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport Na+ ions out of the cytoplasm a potassium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm a sodium current will transport Na+ ions into the cytoplasmarrow_forwardWhich of the following describes temporal summation? Two pre-synaptic cells send alternating signals to depolarize and then hyperpolarize. Two pre-synaptic cells send simultaneous signals to hyperpolarize. One pre-synaptic cell sends a signal to depolarize and another cell simultaneously sends a signal to hyperpolarize. One presynaptic cell sends a repeated signal to depolarize. Two pre-synaptic cells send simultaneous signals to depolarize.arrow_forwardWhat is responsible for action potentials propagating in one direction? The inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels The sodium potassium pump and the potassium leak channels The inactivation of voltage gated potassium channels The inactivation of ligand gated sodium channels The inactivation of ligand gated potassium channelsarrow_forward
- What functions are different between chemically-gated and voltage-gated?arrow_forwardDraw a simple schematic of a neuron and label its parts. Where does “information” usually go in and through which structure is it passed on? Where is the action potential generated?arrow_forwardWhy does an action potential move in an all-or-nothing fashion down the length of an axon without stopping?arrow_forward
- Two scientists calculated the membrane potential of a neuron using two different equations, the Nernst equation and the Goldman equation. Their calculations gave them slightly different predictions. What is the most likely reason for this difference? The lipid compositions of the cell membranes that the scientists studied were different. The scientists placed their measuring electrodes in slightly different positions. The temperatures of the fluid surrounding the cell membranes were different. The numbers of ions considered in the calculations were different. The scientists measured different numbers of cells.arrow_forwardWhat does it mean to say that action potentials are “all or none”?arrow_forwardWhich of the following takes place during an action potential? Na+ ions exit the cell causing depolarization Repolarization occurs when K+ ions enter the cell The membrane becomes more negative during depolarization K+ ions start the action potentials Na+ enters the cell making the membrane potential positive.arrow_forward
- What does it mean that the voltage just inside the membrane is negative? Select one: 1/There are more positive charges than negative charges just inside the membrane. 2/There are exactly the same number of positive charges and negative charges just inside the membrane. 3/There are more negative charges than positive charges just inside the membrane.arrow_forwardSuppose that in a certain neuron, negatively charged protein molecules found in the intracellular compartment were suddenly able to diffuse through the cell membrane freely. What would be the result on this cell's resting membrane potential and action potential threshold? A) The resting potential would hyperpolarize and the action potential threshold would not change. B) The resting potential would depolarize and the action potential threshold would decrease. C) The resting potential would depolarize and the action potential threshold would not change. D) The resting potential would hyperpolarize and the action potential threshold would increase.arrow_forwardA cell biologist is performing an experiment using the voltage clamp method in which they are allowed to change the voltage in the membrane potential. They are wanting to record potassium currents and notice that for a certain membrane potential range, the voltage clamp highlights that there is an inward current of potassium. Would these readings make sense?arrow_forward
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