Explaining the Past. Is it really possible for science to inform us about things that may have happened billions of years ago? To address this question, test the nebular theory against each of the three hallmarks of science discussed in Chapter 2. Be as detailed as possible in explaining whether the theory does or does not exhibit these hallmarks. Use your explanations to decide whether the theory can really tell us about how our solar system formed. Defend your opinion.
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Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
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- Impact Energy. Consider a comet about 2 kilometers across with a mass of 4 × 1012 kg. Assume that it crashes into Earth at a speed of 30,000 meters per second (about 67,000 miles per hour). a. What is the total energy of the impact, in joules? (Hint: The kinetic energy formula tells us that the impact energy in joules will be 1 × m × v2, where 2 m is the comet’s mass in kilograms and v is its speed in meters per second.) b. A 1-megaton nuclear explosion releases about 4 × 1015 joules of energy. How many such nuclear bombs would it take to release as much energy as the comet impact? c. Based on your answers, comment on the degree of devastation the comet might cause.arrow_forwardImagine that in the future, scientists plan on colonizing planets that orbit other stars. Based on your knowledge of the life cycle of stars, decide which type of star (High mass or Low mass) the planet should orbit that would allow for human life to safely live on that planet for the longest period of time. Explain your answer using examples from the life cycle of each star.arrow_forwardTutorial A radio broadcast left Earth in 1925. How far in light years has it traveled? If there is, on average, 1 star system per 400 cubic light years, how many star systems has this broadcast reached? Assume that the fraction of these star systems that have planets is 0.30 and that, in a given planetary system, the average number of planets that have orbited in the habitable zone for 4 billion years is 0.85. How many possible planets with life could have heard this signal? Part 1 of 3 To figure out how many light years a signal has traveled we need to know how long since the signal left Earth. If the signal left in 1925, distance in light years = time since broadcast left Earth. d = tnow - tbroadcast d = light years Submit Skip (you cannot come back)arrow_forward
- Please please solve accurate and exact answer please.arrow_forwardTutorial A radio broadcast left Earth in 1923. How far in light years has it traveled? If there is, on average, 1 star system per 400 cubic light years, how many star systems has this broadcast reached? Assume that the fraction of these star systems that have planets is 0.50 and that, in a given planetary system, the average number of planets that have orbited in the habitable zone for 4 billion years is 0.40. How many possible planets with life could have heard this signal? Part 1 of 3 To figure out how many light years a signal has traveled we need to know how long since the signal left Earth. If the signal left in 1923, distance in light years = time since broadcast left Earth. d = tnow - broadcast d = 97 97 light years Part 2 of 3 Since the radio signal travels in all directions, it expanded as a sphere with a radius equal to the distance it has traveled so far. To determine the number of star systems this signal has reached, we need to determine the volume of that sphere. V, = Vb…arrow_forwardIf you could search for life in the galaxy shown in this image, would you look among stars in the disk, in the central bulge, in the halo, or in all of those places? Discuss the factors that influence your decision.arrow_forward
- Describe the solar nebula, and outline the sequence of events within the nebula that gave rise to the planetesimals.arrow_forwardPlease help me with this question. A=.2arrow_forwardIn a globular cluster, astronomers (someday) discover a star with the same mass as our Sun, but consisting entirely of hydrogen and helium. Is this star a good place to point our SETI antennas and search for radio signals from an advanced civilization? Group of answer choices No, because such a star (and any planets around it) would not have the heavier elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) that we believe are necessary to start life as we know it. Yes, because globular clusters are among the closest star clusters to us, so that they would be easy to search for radio signals. Yes, because we have already found radio signals from another civilization living near a star in a globular cluster. No, because such a star would most likely not have a stable (main-sequence) stage that is long enough for a technological civilization to develop. Yes, because such a star is probably old and a technological civilization will have had a long time to evolve and develop there.arrow_forward
- Th Course: SUNO - 2020 FALL - Ma x W HW 3 - SPHY 213N General Phys X W HW 3- SPHY 213N General Physi x A webassign.net/web/Student/Assignment-Responses/last?dep=25066716 E Apps E ASolid Photograph.. G Google Play * Settings y www.yahoo.com O Remind + Blumen Online B LSAMP Page B CSTEP Page B STEP page UBMS Page The displacement vectors A and B shown in the figure below both have magnitudes of 3.10 m. The direction of vector A is e = 23.0°. (a) Find A + B graphically. magnitude m direction ° counterclockwise from the +x axis (b) Find A graphically. magnitude direction ° counterclockwise from the +x axis (c) Find B - A graphically. magnitude direction counterclockwise from the +x axis (d) Find A - 2B graphically. magnitude m direction o counterclockwise from the +x axis Need Heln? Read It Master It Type here to searcharrow_forwardWhich of the following is least reasonable regarding the concept of a habitable zone? Group of answer choices M-type stars have wider habitable zones than G-type stars. It is a region around a star where liquid water could be found on a planet's surface. The habitable zone of a less massive star would be closer to the star. In the course of millions of years, our habitable zone will slowly shift from Earth to Mars. The Galactic habitable zone cannot be too close to the Galactic center because the radiation from the bright stars and supernovae in the crowded inner part of the Galaxy would probably be detrimental to life.arrow_forwardQuestion #4: According to the nebular theory, which planet is most likely to be gaseous rather than rocky? A. Venus, because it is the warmest planet and so is more likely to be gaseous B. Mercury, because planets closer to the solar nebula are more likely to be made of gas, like the nebula C. Earth, because the atmosphere consists of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases, so it is a gaseous planet D. Neptune, because as the planets get farther from the solar nebula, their composition is more icy and gaseous e Education TM Inc. RK12arrow_forward
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