Chapter 3, Problem 1P

Program Plan Intro

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC):

• PLC is a specialized computer used in industrial segments to control machines and process.
• PLC is program that consists of a set of instructions which resembles the controlling functions needed to perform specific tasks.
• The function of PLC is similar to that of a relay and hence, in an industrial segment a relay is greatly replaced by a suitable PLC.
• When compared to general Personal Computer (PC), a PLC is available in small and tiny sizes.
• The basic architecture of a PLC consists of an input-output interface module and a small Central Processing Unit (CPU) that runs by controlling programming language.

Hexadecimal number system:

• In hexadecimal number system, the numbers from “0” to “9” and letters from “A” to “F” are used.
• It means, in total, hexadecimal system has 10 numbers and 6 alphabets.
• Therefore, the base used for hexadecimal numbering system is 16.

Binary number system:

• In binary system, the numbers “0” and “1” are only used.
• It means, in total, binary system has only 2 numbers.
• Therefore, the base used for binary numbering system is 2.

Explanation of Solution

b.

Conversion of binary number to its equivalent hexadecimal code:

• Given, binary number is “00100101”.
• First, the given binary number is partitioned into two groups, such that each group contains only four bits.
• Now, each group is converted to its corresponding hexadecimal code.
• Here, “0010” is one such group and “0101” is the other group.
• The following diagram describes the hexadecimal notation of the binary number “0010”.

• The hexadecimal equivalent of decimal number “2” is “2”...

Explanation of Solution

c.

Conversion of binary number to its equivalent hexadecimal code:

• Given, binary number is “01001110”.
• First, the given binary number is partitioned into two groups, such that each group contains only four bits.
• Now, each group is converted to its corresponding hexadecimal code.
• Here, “0100” is one such group and “1110” is the other group.
• The following diagram describes the hexadecimal notation of the binary number “0100”.

• The hexadecimal equivalent of decimal number “4” is “4”...

Explanation of Solution

d.

Conversion of binary number to its equivalent hexadecimal code:

• Given, binary number is “00111001”.
• First, the given binary number is partitioned into two groups, such that each group contains only four bits.
• Now, each group is converted to its corresponding hexadecimal code.
• Here, “0011” is one such group and “1001” is the other group.
• The following diagram describes the hexadecimal notation of the binary number “0011”.

• The hexadecimal equivalent of decimal number “3” is “3”...