Biology of Plants
Biology of Plants
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781429219617
Author: Evert, Ray F./
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 3, Problem 1CP
Summary Introduction

To determine: The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Introduction: Cells are the basic units that form the structure and perform various functions in an organism. All the cells present in nature differ from each other in some aspects. Based on the phylogenetic and physiological analysis, they are majorly classified into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Prokaryotic cells are the primitive cells that are different from the eukaryotic cells in many characteristics. Some differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are listed below in the table:

CriteriaProkaryotic cellsEukaryotic cells
Type of DNAThey contain single and circular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).They possess multiple linear molecules of DNA.
Presence of nucleusThese cells lack a well-formed nucleus and the DNA is present as the nucleoid.They possess a well-formed nucleus.
Components of the cell wallCell wall contains the peptidoglycan layer.The cell wall is formed of cellulose or chitin.
Presence of membrane bound organelleNo membrane bound organelle is present in these cells.They contain organelles that are surrounded by a membrane, like the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplast, and endoplasmic reticulum.
Presence of plasmidExtra-chromosomal DNA, called plasmid, is present in these cells.The plasmid is absent in eukaryotic cells.
Type of ribosome70 S (Svedberg’s unit) ribosomes are present.80 S ribosomes are present.
ExampleBacteriaPlant and animal cells.

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