Anatomy & Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259398629
Author: McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher: Mcgraw Hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 17DYB
In general terms, explain the fate of pyruvate if there is (a) sufficient oxygen, and (b) insufficient oxygen.
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Describe the three possible fates of pyruvate.
Outline the conditions that direct pyruvate toward the following:(a) Entry into the citric acid cycle(b) Conversion to ethanol and CO2(c) Conversion to lactate(d) Glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis)In what tissues or organisms is each pathway present?
Define the term pyruvate?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 3.1 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
1. Describe the two classes of...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 1WDLCh. 3.1 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
2. Describe chemical energy...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 3.1 - Muscle contraction is an example of what form of...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 4LOCh. 3.1 - Prob. 5LOCh. 3.1 - Prob. 3WDLCh. 3.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 3.2 - Prob. 7LO
Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 4WDLCh. 3.2 - Prob. 8LOCh. 3.2 - Prob. 9LOCh. 3.2 - Prob. 10LOCh. 3.2 - Prob. 11LOCh. 3.2 - Prob. 1WDTCh. 3.2 - For a biochemical reaction that involves simple...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 6WDLCh. 3.2 - Explain what occurs when the equilibrium is...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 12LOCh. 3.2 - Prob. 13LOCh. 3.2 - Explain the effect a fever would have on chemical...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 14LOCh. 3.3 - What is the relationship of enzymes and activation...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 15LOCh. 3.3 - Prob. 16LOCh. 3.3 - What is the active site of an enzyme and how does...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 17LOCh. 3.3 - Prob. 18LOCh. 3.3 - What is the mechanism of enzyme action, including...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 19LOCh. 3.3 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
20. Describe the naming...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 2WDTCh. 3.3 - Explain how enzymes are generally named.Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 21LOCh. 3.3 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
22. Explain the effect of...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 23LOCh. 3.3 - How do changes in substrate concentration,...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 24LOCh. 3.3 - How are enzymes regulated through competitive and...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 25LOCh. 3.3 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
26. Explain the role of...Ch. 3.3 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
27. Identify and explain the...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 15WDLCh. 3.3 - Prob. 16WDLCh. 3.4 - Prob. 28LOCh. 3.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
29. Name the two pathways...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 30LOCh. 3.4 - Prob. 17WDLCh. 3.4 - Prob. 18WDLCh. 3.4 - Prob. 31LOCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3WDTCh. 3.4 - Prob. 19WDLCh. 3.4 - Prob. 20WDLCh. 3.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
32. Explain the enzymatic...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 33LOCh. 3.4 - Prob. 21WDLCh. 3.4 - Prob. 34LOCh. 3.4 - Prob. 4WDTCh. 3.4 - Prob. 22WDLCh. 3.4 - Prob. 23WDLCh. 3.4 - Prob. 35LOCh. 3.4 - Prob. 36LOCh. 3.4 - Prob. 24WDLCh. 3.4 - Prob. 25WDLCh. 3.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
37. Calculate the number of...Ch. 3.4 - WHAT DO YOU THINK?
5 Given that energy from each...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 26WDLCh. 3.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVES
38. Explain the fate of...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 39LOCh. 3.4 - Prob. 27WDLCh. 3.4 - Prob. 40LOCh. 3.4 - Prob. 28WDLCh. 3 - Energy in ATP is used to power skeletal muscle...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2DYBCh. 3 - Prob. 3DYBCh. 3 - ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase by binding to an...Ch. 3 - All of the following are accurate about enzymes...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6DYBCh. 3 - Prob. 7DYBCh. 3 - All stages of cellular respiration are decreased...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9DYBCh. 3 - Prob. 10DYBCh. 3 - Prob. 11DYBCh. 3 - Describe the different ways of classifying...Ch. 3 - Prob. 13DYBCh. 3 - Describe the structure and mechanism of enzymes.Ch. 3 - Prob. 15DYBCh. 3 - Prob. 16DYBCh. 3 - In general terms, explain the fate of pyruvate if...Ch. 3 - Describe how oxygen becomes part of water during...Ch. 3 - Identify the source of carbon in carbon dioxide.Ch. 3 - Prob. 20DYBCh. 3 - Prob. 1CALCh. 3 - Prob. 2CALCh. 3 - Another challenge to a patient with impaired...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4CALCh. 3 - Prob. 5CALCh. 3 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 3 - Prob. 2CSLCh. 3 - What occurs to the amount of product formed in a...
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- a) How many moles of ATP can be gained from the catabolism of the following substrates to pyruvate? 2 Mole mannose 2 Mole lactose mole glycerol. b) Name three metabolic processes in the cell that are enhanced and two that are inhibited in response to the hormone insulinarrow_forwardPyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, a severe condition with a poor prognosis, results in neurological dysfunction and unremitting lactic acidosis. One treatment is placing the patients on a low carbohydrate/high fat diet. ( a) Explain why the deficiency would be characterized by neurological dysfunction. ( b) Why does lactic acidosis result? ( c) Explain the rationale for the low carbohydrate/high fat diet.arrow_forwardBriefly describe the fate of pyruvate in metabolism under anaerobic versus aerobic conditions.arrow_forward
- Consider the steps of the krebs cycle and electron carrier chain and answer: a) How many ATPs are produced from 10 Pyruvato molecules? b) How many ATPs are produced from 12 Acetyl CoA molecules?arrow_forwardIndicate whether the following statements are true or false:- a) The pentose phosphate pathway of glucose oxidation can lead to the release of energy. b) NAD + is a coenzyme of transketolase.arrow_forwardAfter pyruvate enters the mitochondria, what would be the maximum number of ATP molecules produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate ?arrow_forward
- What are the three fates of the pyruvate and list which one is aerobic or anaerobicarrow_forwardDescribe the fate of pyruvate under anaerobic and aerobicconditions.arrow_forwardListed are some hypothetical medical conditions, describe their effect on cellular respiration (specifically refer to the effect they will have on energy production). a) A person is unable to take glucose into their cells. b) A mutation occurs in the ATP synthase protein and it is inactive. c) The mitochondrial inner membrane is very permeable to H+.arrow_forward
- List the following substances in order of their increasing oxidizing power: (a) acetoacetate, (b) cytochrome b (Fe3+, (c) NAD+, (d) SO42− , and (e) pyruvate.arrow_forwardCyanide is a chemical that irreversibly binds to (i.e. prevents the functioning of) the enzyme cytochrome oxidase, an important enzyme in the electron transport system. a) Explain, at the cellular level, why cyanide is a lethal chemical. b) Suggest at least one other cellular consequence of cyanide (i.e. what else happens to the electron transport system when cyanide is present), and an explanation of this effect.arrow_forwardPyruvate is an important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Which of the following is true regarding the fate of pyruvate in muscle cells? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. Pyruvate will be oxidized to acetyl-CoA in the presence or absence a of oxygen. Pyruvate will be oxidized to acetyl-CoA in the absence of oxygen or reduced to lactate in the presence of oxygen. Pyruvate will be oxidized to acetyl-CoA in the presence of oxygen or reduced to lactate in the absence of oxygen. Pyruvate will be reduced to acetyl-CoA in the absence of oxygen or oxidized to lactate in the presence of oxygen. Pyruvate will be reduced to acetyl-CoA in the presence of oxygen or oxidized to lactate in the absence of oxygen. earrow_forward
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