The total number of possible amino acid sequences in a polypeptide chain is staggering. Given that there are 20 amino acids, potentially there could be20100 different amino acid sequences just for polypeptides only 100 amino acids in length. However, the actual number of different polypeptides occurring in organisms is only a tiny fraction of this potential. What insight does this finding provide into the evolutionary process?

Q: It has been suggested that the present-day triplet genetic codeevolved from a doublet code when…

A: The genetic code is characterized as the structure of nitrogen bases and mRNA particle which…

Q: Which pair of sequences demonstrate the strongest case of "excess similarity"? a) Two nucleotide…

A: The nucleotide sequence consists of repetitive nitrogen bases of adenine, thymine, guanine, and…

Q: Give typed full explanation  there are about 28,000 copies of zinc finger domains in the human…

A: Zinc finger domains are highly conserved DNA-binding protein motifs which play important roles in…

Q: What are the big differences between eukaryotic (nuclear) and prokaryotic genomes?  How do…

A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic information…

Q: Analyzing polymorphism and divergence data for a gene, you calculate the following McDonald-Kreitman…

A: The McDonald-Kreitman test is a powerful tool used to detect the presence of natural selection in a…

Q: 16. Study the table below. Organism Pair Percentage of DNA Similarity A-B 97 A-C 85 A-D 50 a. To…

A: Sequence Homology The sequence of homology is defined as the similarities between the DNA sequence…

Q: platypus is one of a very small number of mammals that are venomous. Researchers compared the…

A: Most important part in this paragraph is that the two proteins are almost similar in function and…

Q: (a) Why can there be multiple codons for an amino acid? Why would this have evolved? (b) What is…

A: The genetic code comprises the set of rules that tells how the four nucleotide bases in the DNA are…

Q: What are some of the explanations for the finding that humans are a much more complex organism than…

A: Humans are more complex than roundworms.

Q: An analysis of the human genome revealed that some regions of DNA that are highly conserved across…

A: Evolution has made every species become fit and has provided the species with reproductive fitness ,…

Q: Shown below is an R loop prepared for electron microscopy by annealing a purified eukaryotic…

A: An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene…

Q: Glycine is a highly conserved amino acid residue in the evolution of proteins. Why?

A: Glycine is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest amino…

Q: Random mutations only very rarely result in changes in a protein that improve its usefulness for the…

A: Introduction: The genome of every human is different because of the occurrence of mutations taking…

Q: The Miller-Urey experiment is significant because it produced evidence that

A: Answer: Miller-Urey experiment : It is the experiment which suggests that organic molecules needed…

Q: . a. If you found a zinc-finger domain (which facilitates DNA binding) in a newly identified…

A: A gene is the physical and functional unit of heredity. They pass information from one generation to…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: As we know DNA is the basic Hereditary molecule and encodes the genes that have all information.…

Q: Why was noncoding DNA previously called 'junk DNA' and why is the term no longer considered…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains which coil around each…

Q: Based on the information above, what can you speculate about the possible evolution of the genes…

A: Rab proteins are small GTP-binding proteins within a superfamily of GTPases known as the Ras…

Q: I wanted to know where in the concepts of genetics 12th edition book can I find the answer to my…

A: The genetic code is a set of laws that define how DNA's four-letter code is converted into amino…

Q: Beadle and Tatum's experiments led to the "one gene - one enzyme (protein)" hypothesis. In…

A: The genes are the functional part of the DNA that are responsible for the production of RNA by the…

Q: DNA is isolated from concentrated ocean water. One genome is studied, and the proportion of each…

A: DNA is made of of pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group which forms a nucleotide and each…

Q: When comparing evolutionary similarities between different genes within a gene family, it is usually…

A: A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Proteins are the building blocks of…

Q: The words “transcribe” and “translate” are more commonly associated with language and dialogue. For…

A: Molecular biology is the biology that deals with structure and function of macro molecules such as…

Q: A researcher examines genes for several proteins that are quite similar in both structure and…

A: A multigene family has a set of genes that have been passed on or descended from a common ancestral…

Q: If the amino acid sequences of monkeys and humans in the protein of two organisms are similar, why…

A: Amino acids  Amino Acids are known as building blocks of proteins. There are many different kind of…

Q: The SCAM data for positions V51C and Y96C are different to the other datasets. Describe how the data…

A: Western blot :It is a method for locating and identifying particular proteins in a sample of tissue…

Q: The median size protein in humans is 8600 amino acids. How does this compare to if our genome was…

A: Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide/amide bonds. It is expressed inside the cells…

Q: Why do humans have such a large number of nucleotides (3.2 billion base pairs) compared to the…

A: The genome is the sum total of all genetic material of an organism which stores biological…

Q: Comparing DNA sequences in different species indicates that more DNA segments that do not code for…

A: DNA contains lot of nucleotides and most of the DNA which do not codes for any functional product…

Q: Three proteins, A, B, C were found to evolve from an ancestral protein with a critical amino acid, X…

A:

Q: The phylogenetic tree of the OCTN homologs below was generated with the following accession numbers…

A: The smaller SLC22 family has a subgroup of membrane transport proteins called OCTN. Two of the…

Q: Construct a multiple protein sequence alignment using human HOXD13 and 9 other orthologues of human…

A: All the 4 proteins are paralogous because they are decants from the same ancestor group but they…

Q: If you compare the frequency of the sixteen possible dinucleotide sequences in the E. coli and human…

A: CG directly activates pDCs and B cells. The resultant immune response is characterized by the…

Q: a) Let's say the two motif hits (CCACGAG and CCGCCAG respectively) turn out to be evolutionarily…

A: Motifs are mainly short, conserved sequence patterns that are associated with specific function of a…

Q: How did the determination of the ratio of the 4 nucleotides in different animals inform DNA…

A: The genetic material present in most animals is DNA. It is comprised of chemical building blocks…