
Concept explainers
a.
To calculate: The exponential model for the data.
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
a.

Answer to Problem 15PS
The exponential model is y=252602.75(1.36)t .
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The population estimates of the American colonies from 1700 to 1780 is provided below,
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
Calculation:
Consider the population estimates of the American colonies from 1700 to 1780 is provided below,
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
It is provided that y represent the population in the year t with t=0 that corresponds to 1700.
Follow the steps provided below to estimate the exponential model.
Step 1: Press STAT key.
Step 2: Press ENTER key.
Step 3: Enter the column 1 of table provided above in L1 and press ENTER key.
Step 4: Enter the column 2 of table provided above in L2 and press ENTER key.
Step 5: Press 2nd key and MODE key.
Step 6: Press STAT key, select the CALC menu.
Step 7: Select the fourth option that is ExpReg and press ENTER key.
Step 8: Press 2nd key and press 1 to call list L1 and put comma.
Step 9: Press 2nd key and press 2 to call list L2 and press ENTER key.
The result obtained on screen is provided below.
Therefore, exponential model is,
y=abxy=252602.75(1.36)t
b.
To calculate: The quadratic model for the data.
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
b.

Answer to Problem 15PS
The quadratic model is y=40090.152t2−14649.545t+291776.97 .
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The population estimates of the American colonies from 1700 to 1780 is provided below,
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
Calculation:
Consider the population estimates of the American colonies from 1700 to 1780 is provided below,
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
It is provided that y represent the population in the year t with t=0 that corresponds to 1700.
Follow the steps provided below to estimate the quadratic model.
Step 1: Press STAT key.
Step 2: Press ENTER key.
Step 3: Enter the column 1 of table provided above in L1 and press ENTER key.
Step 4: Enter the column 2 of table provided above in L2 and press ENTER key.
Step 5: Press 2nd key and MODE key.
Step 6: Press STAT key, select the CALC menu.
Step 7: Select the fourth option that is ExpReg and press ENTER key.
Step 8: Press 2nd key and press 1 to call list L1 and put comma.
Step 9: Press 2nd key and press 2 to call list L2 and press ENTER key.
The result obtained on screen is provided below.
Therefore, quadratic model is,
y=ax2+bx+cy=40090.152t2−14649.545t+291776.97
c.
To graph: The models for the data.
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
c.

Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The population estimates of the American colonies from 1700 to 1780 is provided below,
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
Graph:
Consider the population estimates of the American colonies from 1700 to 1780 is provided below,
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
The exponential model is y=252602.75(1.36)t .
The quadratic model is y=40090.152t2−14649.545t+291776.97 .
Plot the data points and all the models in the coordinate plane.
The green curve line represents y=252602.75(1.36)t , red curve represents y=40090.152t2−14649.545t+291776.97 black curve represents the data.
Interpretation:
All the models and the data points itself coincide with each other. All the models fits with the data.
d.
To explain: The model that best fits the. Also the model that best fits the data can be used to predict the population of United Sates in 2018.
d.

Answer to Problem 15PS
The model that best fits the data is exponential model. No, this cannot be used to predict the population.
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The population estimates of the American colonies from 1700 to 1780 is provided below,
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
Calculation:
Consider the population estimates of the American colonies from 1700 to 1780 is provided below,
YearPopulation1700250,9001710331,7001720466,2001730629,4001740905,60017501,170,80017601,593,60017702,148,40017802,780,400
The quadratic model is y=40090.152t2−14649.545t+291776.97 .
The exponential model is y=252602.75(1.36)t .
From the graphs it is clear that exponential model coincide with actual data points.
Exponential model cannot be used to predict the population as exponential function is increasing function and values obtained would be very high.
There would be a very high growth rate.
Thus, the model that best fits the data is exponential model. No, this cannot be used to predict the population.
Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK PRECALCULUS W/LIMITS
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