Contemporary Labor Economics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259290602
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, David Macpherson
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 3, Problem 13QS
To determine
The declining workweek that occurred during the Pre-World war Second period.
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Suppose John has 24 hours in a day. He can spend his time either working at his job where he earns $20 per hour, or he could spend it doing leisure (everything else, including sleeping).
a) Using the labor-leisure choice model, draw a graph that shows his optimum labor supply would be 10 hours a day (with $0 non-labor income). Make sure your graph is completely labeled. b) On the same graph, show what would happen if he receives $100 a day in non-labor income. Breifly explain what is happening in words.
What is two factors that may influence the shape of individuals’ indifference curves (flat or steep) which reflect their preferences for work or leisure?
What is the difference between income effect and substitution effect under the basic work-leisure decision model?
Workers in countries such as Sweden and Germany work fewer hours per week, on average, than do workers in the United States. Does this mean that Swedes and Germans are lazier than Americans? Explain how laziness could be interpreted in the context of the work-leisure choice model developed in this chapter. What other information might you want to gather to determine whether Swedes or Germans were indeed less work oriented that Americans?
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- Consider the following labor-leisure choice model. U(C,L) = C^2/3L^1/3 C = wN + π – T H= N+ L Where C: consumptionL: leisureN: hours workedH = 50 : total hoursw = 4 : hourly wageπ = 20 : non-labor income T = 10 : lump-sum tax Suppose the hourly wage changes to w = 5. Perform a decomposition and fill in the table C L N Substitution Effect Income Effect Total Effectarrow_forwardwhat happens in the work-leisure model, when the wage rate is decreasing and income effect is stronger than substitution effect?arrow_forwardConsider the possibility that government spending increases the amount of hours to be worked in a given time period, say by providing child care. Assume again that the initial amount of consumption and leisure are still just affordable after an increase in spending. How will an increase in government spending affect consumption, hours worked, output and welfare? [Hint: This exercise requires creatively reinterpreting how we apply our model to the data. Think about how we constructed the bounds on our labor/leisure model in terms of hours worked. Remem- ber our model does not have any sleep requirements built into it for instance.]arrow_forward
- Consider the following Labour-Leisure Choice model. Utility function over consumption (C) and leisure (L) 1 3 U(CL) = cL4 Total hours H = 20 Labour hours: N = H-L Non-labour income: 1 = 20 Lump-sum tax T= 10 Hourly wage w = 3 Suppose that the hourly wage increases to 5 What is the substitution effect of this wage change on labour supply(N)? A. -1.10 B. -2.10 O C. +1.10 OD. +2. 10 O E. None of the abovearrow_forwardSuppose that a labor economist performs a statistical analysis on economywide worker wages using standard, measurable explanatory factors, such as job characteristics, years of schooling, and so forth. How much of the variation in worker wages can be accounted for by such measurable explanatory factors? Somewhat more than 60% Nearly 100% Somewhat less than 50% About 0% Which of the following factors are typically omitted from the quantitative analysis of wages but can help explain otherwise unaccounted-for disparities? Check all that apply. Chance Attractiveness Natural ability Effort Race O O O Oarrow_forwardMaria earns $15 per hour in her current job and works 40 hours a week. Her disutility of effort is measured as $1 per hour of work. In the case that she loses her job, she receives $5 per hour unemployment benefit. Additionally, being unemployed has psychological and social costs which is a disutility equivalent to $2 per hour. Which of the following statements is correct? Include a brief explanation (one sentence and/or equation) to justify why each statement is correct or incorrect. A). Her employment rent per hour is $3. B). If she can get another job with the same wage rate and weekly hours after 44 weeks of being unemployed, Maria’s total employment rent is more than $10,000. C). If the unemployment benefits she could receive if she lost her job increased to $7/hour, her employment rent would also increase. D). If her disutility of effort at her current job increased to $4/hour, her employment rent increases.arrow_forward
- Suppose that the federal government's welfare program pays $5,000 for the first five months of earnings, and 50% reduction thereafter. If this worker earns 2,000 dollars per month, assuming 12 months per year, answer the questions. a. Construct the yearly income-leisure constraint both graphically and equations. b. Compute the break-even level of income and leisure (the level of income that makes the welfare = 0). c. Compute the level of income when the leisure is 8 months. What is amount of earning income and what is the amount of welfare benefit? d. Compute the level of income when the leisure is 6 months. What is amount of earning income and what is the amount of welfare benefit? e. Compute the level of income when the leisure is 1 month. What is amount of earning income and what is the amount of welfare benefit?arrow_forwardOne proposal includes increasing the EITC for childless workers to provide additional assistance for many poor workers. While an increase in the EITC would increase resources to qualifying childless workers, what impact will it have on their working decision? Assume a basic hours towards leisure and income towards consumption model. a. If qualifying childless workers already have a strong preference to work so they are already choosing to work (ex: 10 hours), an increase in the EITC could lead to a new choice involving fewer hours spent working, more hours spent towards leisure and more income towards consumption. Thus, the EITC expansion could discourage work. b.If qualifying childless workers already have a strong preference to not work so they are already choosing to work very littleand mostly enjoy leisure, an increase in the EITC could lead to a new choice involving more hours spent working, fewer hours spent towards leisure and more income towards consumption. Thus, the…arrow_forwardFor each of the following separate scenarios, determine if the labor force participation rate will increase or decrease. Group of answer choices ( Choose) Labor force participation rate will decrease or Labor force participation rate will Increase A) More companies allow workers to work from home. B) The government increases the financial aid received by full-time students. C) Companies receive government subsidies for hiring high-school graduates. D) Some discouraged workers re-enter the labor force to look for work.arrow_forward
- Humanity is faced with a tough choice, work or leisure. Within the theory of consumer behaviour, apply the labour-leisure choice model to explain what happens when there are two (2) consecutive increases in the wage rate of a an individual and use that to derive the individual's 1.labour supply curve 2.demand for leisure curvearrow_forwardDuring the great recession Obama administration had instituted a social security payroll tax break: in 2011-12 employees paid 4.2% of their paycheck to the social security fund. In January 2013 the break expired, and now employees pay 6.2% of their paychecks in social security taxes. How would you graphically model such a change using the labor-leisure model?… as a change in budget constraint or preferences? Illustrate. What prediction can we make with regards to hours worked as a result? Depending on your answer, which effect will dominate-income or substitution, that will affect the hours decision? Income support programs, (only if we discussed the TANF program in class). In 2005 North Carolina Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program, known as Work First, had the following features: Maximum monthly benefit (income guarantee), G, $272; Level of disregard. D, $0; Implicit tax rate 27.5%; How does the availability of the welfare program affect a family’s…arrow_forwardThe following utility function represents Rose's preference over consumption and leisure u(c, l) = √c + 4√l. Rose receives a real wage of 15 and a non-wage income of 2. As a qualified recipient, Rose gets an additional non-wage income of 5 from the government through a cash transfer program. What is Rose's optimal choice of labor supply?arrow_forward
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