Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 12RQ
A physiologist observes that the concentration of sodium inside a cell is decidedly lower than that outside the cell. She also observes that there is a small leakage of sodium into the cell. What cellular process prevents the sodium concentration gradient from disappearing? (a) osmosis, (b) diffusion, (c) primary active transport, (d) secondary active transport.
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Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?
A) Both sodium and potassium move down their concentration gradient across the membrane
B) 2 sodium ions are pumped out of the cell against their concentration gradient
C) The sodium-potassium pump is a type of cotransport.
D) ATP is used as an energy source
All of the following are passive membrane transport processes except: (a) diffusion. (b) facilitated diffusion. (c) vesicular transport. (d) osmosis.
A blood cell with a 2% internal solute concentration is placed in a solution that has a 0.2% solute concentration. The solute is impermeable to the plasma membrane.
How would you classify the solution compared to the cell – hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic? Why? (2 pts.)
B) Will the solutes move across the membrane? Why or why not?
C) What type of transport would occur in this situation – diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport or bulk transport. Explain.
D) What would happen if the cell began to produce a new membrane protein that allowed the solutes to freely move in across the membrane? ould this change your answer to Part C? Explain.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 3 - 2. The major types of lipid found in the plasma...Ch. 3 - 3. Membrane junctions that allow nutrients or ions...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 3 - A physiologist observes that the concentration of...Ch. 3 - 8. The endocytotic process in which a sampling of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RQCh. 3 - 11. The information sequence that determines the...Ch. 3 - 13. The phase of mitosis during which centrioles...Ch. 3 - 15. The RNA synthesized on one of the DNA strands...
Ch. 3 - 16. The RNA species that travels from the nucleus...Ch. 3 - 17. If DNA has a sequence of AAA, then a segment...Ch. 3 - 18. A nerve cell and a lymphocyte are presumed to...Ch. 3 - 19. A pancreas cell makes proteins (enzymes) that...Ch. 3 - 21. Contrast the roles of ER-bound ribosomes with...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11RQCh. 3 - 24. Comment on the role of the sodium-potassium...Ch. 3 - 25. Differentiate between primary and secondary...Ch. 3 - 26. Cell division typically yields two daughter...Ch. 3 - 2. A “red-hot” bacterial infection of the...Ch. 3 - 3. Two examples of chemotherapeutic drugs (drugs...Ch. 3 - 5. In their anatomy lab, many students are exposed...Ch. 3 - 6. Dynein is missing from the cilia and flagella...Ch. 3 - 7. Explain why alcoholics are likely to have much...Ch. 3 - 8. Fresh water is a precious natural resource in...
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- 1) a) Draw arrows to indicate which direction Na+ vs K+ions will tend to move.(into vsout of the cell) b) What prevents these solutes from diffusing across the membrane at a significant rate? c)If the solutes were unable to move across the membrane, would the cell be considered hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic? d) If the solutes were unable to move across the membrane, which way would water move?(inside the cell, outside the cell or no net movement) e) How did the cell establish the differential in the shown ion concentrations in the first place?arrow_forwardWhich statements are consistent with the known facts about membrane transport? (a) Active transport moves a substance from a region in which its concentration is lower to one in which its concentration is higher. (b) Transport does not involve any pores or channels in membranes. (c) Transport proteins may be involved in bringing substances into cells.arrow_forwardIn terms of their effect on the rate of diffusion, which of the following is the odd one out? a) increasing surface area of the membrane b) increasing the permeability of the membrane c) increasing the concentration gradient of the diffusing molecule d) increasing the molecular weight of the diffusing moleculearrow_forward
- Factors that affect the rate of diffusion through a membrane include all of the following EXCEPT: a)membrane surface area. b) molecular weight. c) availability of energy. d) steepness of concentration gradient.arrow_forwardProteins which are only on one side of the plasma membrane and may not interact with the phospholipids directly. The proteins are often involved in intracellular signialing. a) cholesterol b) peripheral protein c) integral proteins D) glycolipidarrow_forwardIn terms of their effect on the rate of diffusion, which of the following is the odd one out? a) decreasing the surface area of the membrane b) decreasing membrane permeability c) decreasing lipid solubility of the diffusing molecule d) decreasing the concentration gradient of the diffusing molecule e) decreasing the thickness of the membranearrow_forward
- The endocytotic process in which particulate matter is brought into the cell is called (a) phagocytosis, (b) pinocytosis, (c) exocytosis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of exocytosis, but not true of facilitated diffusion? Select all that apply. A) Involves transport vesicles B) May be used to move a hydrophilic substance to the other side of the membrane C) Requires energy D) Always moves a substance down its concentration gradient E) Always results in a substance exiting from the cell .arrow_forwardA dehydrated runner drinks a lot of water after a race. His cells become rehydrated after drinking water because (a) The bloodstream is hypotonic compared to the contents of the digestive tract. (b) The contents of the digestive tract are hypotonic to the bloodstream. (c) The contents of the bloodstream and digestive tract are isotonic to each other. (d) Water will diffuse from a low concentration to a high concentration. (e) The contents of the digestive tract are hypertonic to the bloodstream. Explain your answerarrow_forward
- What do diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis have in common? In what way do they differ?arrow_forwardThe major difference between active and passive transport is that ACTIVE TRANSPORT? a) moves things down their concentration gradients. b) uses membrane proteins called channels. c) requires energy. d) doesn t require energy. e) requires water molecules.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following will have the least difficulty in crossing the plasma membrane? a) Na+ b) Cl- c) fatty acids d) all of thesearrow_forward
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