
Concept explainers
Use 5-digit arithmetic with chopping to determine the roots of the following equation with Eqs. (3.12) and (3.13)
x2−5000.002x+10
Compute percent relative errors for your results.

To calculate: The roots of the equation x2−5000.002x+10 with 5-digit arithmeticchopping by the use of the formula x=−b±√b2−4ac2a and x=−2cb±√b2−4ac. Also, find the percent relative error.
Answer to Problem 11P
Solution:
The roots of the equation x2−5000.002x+10 by the use of the formula x=−b±√b2−4ac2a are 4999.9 with relative percent error of 0.002% and 0.05 with relative percent error of 2400%.
And, the roots of the equation x2−5000.002x+10 by the use of the formula x=−2cb±√b2−4ac are 200 with relative percent error of 96% and 0.002 with relative percent error of approximately 0%.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The equation, x2−5000.002x+10.
Formula used:
The quadratic formula for the equation ax2+bx+c=0 is,
x=−b±√b2−4ac2a
Alternative formula for roots when b2>>4ac,
x=−2cb±√b2−4ac
Relative error formula:
Relative error = |true value−approximate valuetrue value|
Calculation:
Consider the following equation,
x2−5000.002x+10=0
Here, a=1,b=−5000.002 and c=10.
Therefore, the roots of the equation from the quadratic formula is,
x=5000.002±√(5000.002)2−4×102=5000.002±√(5000.002)2−4×102=5000.002±4999.9982
Thus,
x1=5000.002+4999.9982=100002=5000
And,
x2=5000.002−4999.9982=0.0042=0.002
Now, chop to 5 digits and find the root as below,
x=5000.0±√(5000.0)2−4×102=5000.0±√25000000−4×102=5000.0±√249999602=5000.0±4999.92
Solve for two different roots:
x1′=5000.0+4999.92=9999.92=4999.9
And,
x2′=5000.0−4999.92=0.12=0.05
Hence, the relative percent error of the first root 4999.9 is,
Error=|5000−4999.95000|×100%=|0.15000|×100%=0.002%
And, the relative percent error of the second root 0.05 is,
Error=|0.002−0.050.002|×100%=|−0.0480.002|×100%=2400%
Hence, the roots of the equations are 4999.9 with relative percent error of 0.002% and 0.05 with relative percent error of 2400%.
Now, for the provided equation b2>>4ac, Therefore, use alternative formula to find the roots by chopping to 5-digit,
−2cb±√b2−4ac=−2(10)−5000.0±√(5000.0)2−4×10=−2(10)−5000.0±√25000000−4×10=−20−5000.0±√24999960=−20−5000.0±4999.9
Solve for two different roots,
x1′′=−20−5000.+4999.9=−20−0.1=200
And,
x1′′=−20−5000.0−4999.9=−20−9999.9=0.002
Therefore, the relative percent error of the first root 200 is,
Error=|5000−2005000|×100%=|48005000|×100%=96%
And, the relative percent error of the second root 0.00200002 is,
Error=|0.002−0.0020.002|×100%=|00.002|×100%=0%
Hence, the roots of the equations are 200 with relative percent error of 96% and 0.002 with relative percent error of 0%.
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