Biological Science, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134296029
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 29, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
To review:
The statement that without fungi, “terrestrial environments would be radically different than they are today, and probably much less productive”. Give reasons whether it is correct or not.
Introduction:
The fungi are the eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, and mushrooms. It digests food externally and absorbs nutrients from its cell walls. Most fungi contain filamentous structure hyphae for absorptive mode of nutrition and reproduce by spores. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that obtain their carbon and energy sources from other organisms. The release of the carbon dioxide helps in the maintenance of the carbon dioxide level in the environment.
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Identify whether each of the statements is an Observation or a Hypothesis to explain an
observation.
Golden toads laid their eggs in shallow
pools of water between the roots of
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before developing into toadlets.
Over warm ocean water, clouds form
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Golden toads had highly specialized
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Golden toads were found only in the
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The fossil record and current trends show
that highly specialized species with small
populations and narrow ranges are highly
susceptible to extinction.
Spring 1987 was the driest spring on
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All the golden toad tadpoles might have
died during the spring of 1987 because
their pools dried up before the young
could lead a fully terrestrial life.
The drier conditions at Monteverde in
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forming higher in the atmosphere,…
it is discovered that the algae-killing product (AlgaeBdead) that spilled in Lake Ontario also inhibits (slows) the growth of fungi in the lake. Explain one way this would negatively affect the lake ecosystem.
Compare and Contrast a Chlorophyll lacking plant (Ghost Pipes, Albino Redwood, etc.) to fungi.
Chapter 29 Solutions
Biological Science, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (6th Edition)
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- Biologists have discovered that many mycorrhizal fungi are sensitive to a low pH. What human-caused environmental problem may prove catastrophic for these fungi? How may this problem affect their plant partners? What measures could we take to decrease the problem?arrow_forwardAfter a long excursion in the tropics you came back with multiple soil samples from different localities across the Andes. You are interested in discovering new sources of pharmaceuticals and want to test the antibiotic properties of fungi collected from tropical soils at different altitudes. How would you approach this question?. What scientific experiment would you conduct to isolate fungi with antibiotic characteristics?. Please be specific about your design, including your expected outcomes and conclusions from your experiment.arrow_forwardRead these two statements about plant-fungal interactions, then pick the statement below that is TRUE. (A) Root fungi in phylum Ascomycota can cause plants to produce antioxidants that provide protection against the stress of drought, and plants feed carbon to the fungi in their roots. (B) Root fungi and plants have evolved mutual benefits through a long history of interaction, in which fungi that provided the greatest benefits to plants had the highest fitness because of the carbon the plants fed them, and plants that supported fungi had the highest fitness because of the protection provided by the fungi. (A) is a proximate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is an ultimate cause. O (A) is an ultimate cause for plant-fungal symbiosis, whereas (B) is a proximate cause. Understanding plant-fungal interactions would NOT require cost-benefit analysis because there are no fitness trade-offs. (A) is an innate behavior and (B) is a learned behavior. O O O Oarrow_forward
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- Many fungi are decomposers and degrade organic matter (such as wood and leaf litter). It has become clear that many of these decomposers are also able to colonize live plants as endophytes (living inside the plant without causing any harm) and allowing for prime access to plant tissues once the plant dies. Explain, using the principles of natural selection, how having the ability to be both a decomposer and endophyte evolved. Make sure you include the four steps of evolution by natural selection in your response.arrow_forwardFairy rings (such as the one in the photo on the left) are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek out more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground to produce and release spores. The diagram on the right depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. The letters A-D represent locations with respect to that ring which are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. 1)If the fungus that produced the fairy ring can also produce arbuscules, then which of the following is most likely to be buried at location "B"? a. cement-capped well b. deceased animal c. tree stump d. fire pit 2) Assume that all four locations are 0.5 meters above the surface, rather than below. On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from right…arrow_forwardFairy rings (such as the one in the photo on the left) are circles of fungi that often appear in open meadows and in forest areas. In the soil beneath the fungi is an ever-extending mycelium. As the mycelium spreads to seek out more food, it sometimes will produce the fungi we see above ground to produce and release spores. The diagram on the right depicts the outline of a fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The ring represents the farthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. The letters A-D represent locations with respect to that ring which are all 0.5 meters below the soil surface. Which location (A-D) is nearest to the basidiocarps? ___ What is the most probable location (A-D) of the youngest portion of this mycelium? ___arrow_forward
- If all of the saprophytic fungi in an ecosystem died, which of the following would be a likely short-term result? Group of answer choices Plants would not be able to absorb nutrients from the soil as effectively Dead plant material would be decomposed more quickly, releasing higher levels of CO2 Less carbon dioxide would be released into the atmosphere because dead plant material would not be decomposed Plants would be unable to absorb nitrogen as efficiently because their root symbiotic fungi would be unable to break gaseous nitrogen apart Plants would be unable to absorb nitrogen as efficiently because their root symbiotic fungi would be unable to break gaseous nitrogen apartarrow_forwardBoth Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes form ectomycorrhizal associations with plants. Another group of fungi, the Glomeromycota, form endomycorrhizal partnerships. Which answer below best describes the two pictures seen here? (Hint: mycorrhizae stain reddish-purple!) Picture A 400x (c.s.) Picture B 400x (c.s.) O Picture A is an endo- while Picture B is an ecto-mycorrhizal view O Picture A is an ecto- while Picture B is an endo-mycorrhizal viewarrow_forwardIn the early 1800s, potatoes became the main food staple for the people of Ireland. In 1845, a fungus native to South America, Phytophthora infestans, began to infect potato plants, causing potato blight and making the tubers inedible. Over the next several years, most of the potato plants in the country were destroyed by this invasive species. Which of the following statements correctly explains why the Irish potato famine occurred? The arrival of ships from South America led to human introduction of the disease. A drought across Ireland in 1844 led to more damaged potato plants that were susceptible to infection. An increase in trade with other European countries led to the introduction of plants that were already infected with the fungus. Ireland's climate became closer to that of South America, which allowed the fungus to infect potato plants and reproduce.arrow_forward
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