Principles of Economics (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614077
Author: coppock, Lee; Mateer, Dirk
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 29, Problem 2QFR
To determine
To explain:
The way an economy adjusts by itself with the reduction in the aggregate demand, the way this adjustment works and the reason this adjustment takes time.
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Using a macroeconomics demand/supply analysis, where do you think current output is relative to what the economy is capable of producing? Look at recent trends in the data.
What are the recent trends in the components of aggregate demand (consumption spending, investment spending, government purchases, and exports and imports?
Figure 1: Hayek’s (Classical) AD-AS Model
Economics Online. (n.d.). Aggregate Demand. Retrieved from http://economicsonline.co.uk/Managing_the_economy/Aggregate_demand.html
Hayek says that markets will heal themselves and that government should not intervene. How does the AD-AS model reflect Hayek’s idea that governments cannot increase real GDP beyond the level that the free market economy is able to produce?
Do you believe that the Hayek’s classical AD-AS model explain the factors that cause changes (shifts) in AS realistically? Why or why not?
Figure 2: Keynes’s AD-AS Model
Economics Online. (n.d.). Aggregate supply. Retrieved from http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Managing_the_economy/Aggregate+supply.html
2.1. In Figure 2 above, what are the factors that may cause the aggregate demand to shift from AD to AD1? What is the difference between demand pull inflation, cost push inflation and recession?
2.2. In macroeconomics, the immediate short run is known as a length…
From 1/1/2020 to 7/1/2020, real GDP decreased but the GDP deflator stayed approximately the same (thus, treat it as the same number at the beginning of this period as it was at the end of this period). According to our aggregate supply/demand analysis, which of the following must have occurred over this time frame? (Use the graph to help you see if you can determine any shift(s).)
Group of answer choices
a) increase in Aggregate Demand, decrease in Aggregate Supply
b) decrease in Aggregate Demand, decrease in Aggregate Supply
c) increase in Aggregate Demand, increase in Aggregate Supply
d) increase in Aggregate Demand, but no way to determine the direction of shift in Aggregate Supply
e) decrease in Aggregate Demand, increase in Aggregate Supply
Chapter 29 Solutions
Principles of Economics (Second Edition)
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- Figure 2: Keynes’s AD-AS Model Economics Online. (n.d.). Aggregate supply. Retrieved from http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Managing_the_economy/Aggregate+supply.html 2.1. In Figure 2 above, what are the factors that may cause the aggregate demand to shift from AD to AD1? What is the difference between demand pull inflation, cost push inflation and recession?arrow_forwardEvaluate the following statements using relevant diagrams and provide detailed explanations. The statements describe events that might shift aggregate demand (AD), aggregate supply (AS), both or neither. Clearly label your diagrams. A recent economic report suggests that consumer confidence has increased Apple Inc. has announced a 50% discount on its new generation iPad devices for university students After a prolonged acceleration in economic activity, the government raises the rate of personal income tax. A continuing economic expansion has drawn in many working age people (and their families)from neighbouring countries in search of jobs and better livesarrow_forwardThe principal goal of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model is to explain thearrow_forward
- What effects would each of the following have on aggregate demand or aggregate supply? Justify your answer. In each case use a diagram to show the expected effects on the equilibrium price level and real output level in the economy. Assume that all other things remain constant and prices are inflexible downward. (a) A reduction in interest rates at each price level (b) A sizable increase in labor productivity. (c) The nation’s currency appreciates against its major trading partners .arrow_forwardIn the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, the quantity of _____ is on the horizontal axis, and the _____ is on the vertical axis.arrow_forwardWhat is Aggregate Demand (AD)? Investigate three (3) causes that can shift the AD curve to the right.arrow_forward
- Use an aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) model to respond to the following questions. Explain your answers. (a) Under what conditions does a reduction in Aggregate Demand benefit the economy? (b) Show how stagflation impacts the economy in the short-run.arrow_forwardThe aggregate demand curve portrays the relationship between price level and real GDP. What are the three reasons this relationship is a negative or inverse relationship? Provide brief illustrations of each.arrow_forward(Note: All your answers should be rounded to the nearest hundredth. Example: 12.034 =>12.03, 5.175=>5.18) For each of the following situations, use an AD/AS model to describe what happens to price levels and output in the United States in the short run. In each case assume the economy starts in long- and short-run equilibrium, and show the appropriate shifts in the AS or AD curves. Suppose that the AD and AS curves are given as: AD: AS: P=6.1-0.2 Y(GDP) P= -1 +0.15 Y(GDP) Using Excel create a spreadsheet with the column headings Y, AD,JAS, G, and T. Let's start with no change in G, and T. Fill in the spreadsheet's cells for Y= 19.0 to Y= 21.0 in increments of 0.1. What is the equilibrium GDP? What is the equilibrium P? Now, there is a decrease in Tax (T), i.e., tax cut by $1 (trillion). It is assumed that an 1 unit decrease in T shifts the AD curve to the right by 0.08 units. If P and Y (GDP) won't change immediately, what happens to the nation's output? (surplus, shortage, or no…arrow_forward
- The government of South Africa responded to the COVID 19 pandemic by implanting a number of short-term measures to save the economy. Using the Aggregate Demand- Aggregate Supply (AD-AS) model can be used to illustrate that by choosing the right combination of measures (policies) it is possible for the economy to grow and ease the distress on the economy. Discuss four demand-side measures that policy makers can implement to expand the economy?arrow_forwardThe imaginary country of Harris Island has the aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves as Table 24.3 shows. a. Identify the (i) equilibrium basing from the AD/AS diagram attached. b. Would you expect unemployment in this economy to be relatively high or low? c. Would you expect concern about inflation in this economy to be relatively high or low? d. Imagine that consumers begin to lose confidence about the state of the economy, and so AD becomes lower by 275 at every price level. Identify the new aggregate equilibrium. e. How will the shift in AD affect the original output, price level, and employment?arrow_forward
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