(a)
Interpretation:
It should be determined that where is LH produced, and to what class of hormones does it belong.
Concept introduction:
Hormones are chemical substances synthesized in small amounts by endocrine tissues and carried by blood stream to another tissue, where it acts as a messenger to regulate the function of the target tissue or organ.
There are three major classes of molecules which function as hormones in vertebrates and they are,
- Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain
functional group ,carboxylic acid group, and amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom. - Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic
polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain. - Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are the two hormones involved in fertility which are produced by the pituitary gland.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
LH (luteinizing hormone) is an important hormone involved in fertility which is produced by the pituitary gland. It is a polypeptide hormone.
(b)
Interpretation:
It should be determined that where is progesterone produced, and to what class of hormones does it belong.
Concept introduction:
Hormones are chemical substances synthesized in small amounts by endocrine tissues and carried by blood stream to another tissue, where it acts as a messenger to regulate the function of the target tissue or organ.
There are three major classes of molecules which function as hormones in vertebrates and they are,
- Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, and amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.
- Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.
- Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Progesterone is responsible for the physiological changes in women at specific phases of their life starting in puberty. It is a steroid hormone produced in ovaries.
(c)
Interpretation:
It should be determined that whether the progesterone producing cells have LH receptor on their surface or does LH enters the cells to carry out its function.
Concept introduction:
Hormones are chemical substances synthesized in small amounts by endocrine tissues and carried by blood stream to another tissue, where it acts as a messenger to regulate the function of the target tissue or organ.
There are three major classes of molecules which function as hormones in vertebrates and they are,
- Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, and amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.
- Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.
- Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other. They are lipid soluble
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are the two hormones involved in fertility which are produced by the pituitary gland.
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Progesterone producing cells have LH receptor. LH stimulates both estrogen and progesterone production. Before ovulation LH release is stimulated by estrogen but after ovulation it is inhibited by both estrogen and progesterone.
(d)
Interpretation:
It should be explained that whether the progesterone bind to a cell-surface receptor or does it enter the cell to carry out its function.
Concept introduction:
Hormones are chemical substances synthesized in small amounts by endocrine tissues and carried by blood stream to another tissue, where it acts as a messenger to regulate the function of the target tissue or organ.
There are three major classes of molecules which function as hormones in vertebrates and they are,
- Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, and amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.
- Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.
- Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other. This type of hormone is soluble in lipids.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are the two hormones involved in fertility which are produced by the pituitary gland.
(d)
Explanation of Solution
Progesterone is responsible for the physiological changes in women at specific phases of their life starting in puberty. It is a steroid hormone produced in ovaries. Steroid hormones are lipid soluble and so it can enter cells.
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Chapter 28 Solutions
FUND.OF GEN CHEM CHAP 1-13 W/ACCESS
- A 38-year-old male is upset about his low sperm count and visits a "practitioner" who commonly advertises his miracle cures of sterility. The practitioner is a quack who treats conditions of low sperm count with megadoses of testosterone. Although his patients experience a huge surge in libido, their sperm count is even lower after hormone treatment. a) Which two glands would be responsive to the megadose of testosterone? b) Identify the two hormones that would be affected by the megadose of testosterone. Would their levels increase or decrease? c) What role, if any, would either of the affected hormones have on the man's reduced sperm count?arrow_forwardIn Modules 2 and 3, we have discussed many different hormones and the mechanisms in which these hormone levels are regulated. Many hormones, including FSH, LH, progesterone, and estrogen are controlled through a negative feedback system. Although higher levels of estrogen in the follicular stage suppress the secretion of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary, there is an LH spike at day 14 (ovulation).Can you provide an explanation as to why an LH/FSH spike may occur using the estrogen feedback loop?arrow_forwardWhich of the following releasing factors stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to synthesize luteinizing factor? (A) TRH (B) GNRH (C) CRH (D) oxytocin (E) dopaminearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is the first step in the synthesis and secretion of T3 and T4? O a) Synthesis of thyroglobulin by the follicular cells O b) Oxidation of iodide by the follicular cells c) Coupling of T1 and T2 d) lodide trapping by the follicular cellsarrow_forwardHow are the functions of FSH and LH similar in male and female mammals? How do they differ?arrow_forwardLH and FSH normally do which things? O A) inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the uterus B) inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitary C) stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the ovaries D) They have no effect on estrogen or progesterone production. E) stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitaryarrow_forward
- In humans, which of the following are “gonadal hormones”? (click all that apply) - LH -GnRh - estradiols - FSH - Testosteronearrow_forwardhCG, estrogen and progesterone are hormones that are secreted throughout pregnancy. Answer the following questions about these hormones. 1) What structure initially secretes estrogen & progesterone? 2)What structure takes over the role of secreting hCG, estrogen & progesterone in the second and third trimesters?arrow_forward73. Hypothalamic-releasing hormones regulate secretion by cells at which of the following labeled sites of the pituitary gland? Neural ectoderm Rathke's pouch A) B) A B C)arrow_forward
- (b) Distinguish between gonadotrophin releasing hormone and chorionic gonadotrophin. motogerarrow_forwardWhich of the following hormones stimulates the production of breast milk? a) Estrogen (estradiol) b) Prolactin c) Oxytocin d) Progesterone e) ACTHarrow_forwardWhich of these factors reduces the release of GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus? a) Increase in testosterone b) Reduction of FSH c) Reduction of inhibin d) Reduction of LHarrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning