Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 8TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
In Figure 27.29, circle the smallest monophyletic group that includes dinosaurs. Explain your answer and list the taxa that are in this clade. Knowing that birds are endothermic and crocodiles are ectothermic, can you use phylogenetic bracketing (see Concept 20.3) to predict whether dinosaurs other than birds are ectothermic or endothermic? Explain.
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Part 3: Reconstructing evolutionary history
Below is a phylogeny for six groups of placental mammals (Eutheria) from the Tree of Life website
(http://tolweb.org/tree/)
Artiodactyla (pigs, deer, cattle, goats)
Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Perissodactyla (horses, tapirs, rhinos)
Hyracoidea (hyraxes, dassies)
Sirenia (manatees, dugong, sea cows)
Proboscidea (elephants, mammoths)
Both the Cetacea and Sirenia are aquatic members of the Eutheria. All of their close relatives are
terrestrial. We generally assume that the common ancestor of these groups was terrestrial (T) and that
being aquatic (A) is a derived trait that evolved just twice (i.e. there were 2 independent changes from
T→A).
a) To the right of each taxon, write a T beside terrestrial taxa and an A beside aquatic taxa. I
b) Now let's assume that the most recent common ancestor of this group was aquatic (A). What is
the minimum number of changes (A→T and/or T→A) that could have resulted in the distribution
of traits we…
Your age-dating put the age of the rocks you are examining in the early Devonian period. Because of this, you suspect that the vertebrate remains you found might belong to some of the
earliest tetrapods (four-legged animals including land vertebrates) to walk the Earth. Examine the cladogram below. What is the sister group to the land vertebrates?
Lampreys
Sharks
Lungfish
Land vertebrates
Tetrapoda
Choanata
Fingers and toes
Osteichthyes
Choanae
Gnathostomata
Bony ribs and shoulder girdie
Vertobrata
Jaws
O Lampreys
Vertebrae
O Tetrapoda
O Amphibians
Lungfish
Ray-finned fish
Amphibians
Please answer all questions
Chapter 27 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.2 - What is the Cambrian explosion? Why is it...Ch. 27.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.3 - WHAT IF? Would it be accurate to describe the...Ch. 27.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.4 - Describe two key adaptations of aquatic...Ch. 27.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The radiation of bilaterians in...Ch. 27.5 - Describe two adaptations that have enabled insects...
Ch. 27.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare and contrast how the...Ch. 27.6 - Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on...Ch. 27.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.6 - WHAT IF? Which came first, the chicken or the egg?...Ch. 27.7 - Describe how ocean communities changed in the...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 27 - Fossil steroid and molecular clock evidence...Ch. 27 - Which of the following was probably the least...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In Figure 27.29, circle the...Ch. 27 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Early tetrapods had a...Ch. 27 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Collectively, do these...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Explain how a cladistic classification for the vertebrates produces important regroupings of the traditional vertebrate taxa (refer to Figure 23.2). Why are Agnatha and Reptilia, as traditionally recognized, inconsistent with cladistic principles?arrow_forwardWhat is some evidence from phylogenetictree of hollowed bones and tufted feathersarrow_forwardAnswer the questions below based on the phylogeny shown. Just write your answer under each question. Ray-finned fish Roderts & rabbts Crocodles Sharks Amphibians Primotes Birds Hair Eggs wth shell Amriotic egg Four limbs Bony skeleton Vertebrae a. Which is the outgroup in this phylogeny? b. What synapomorphy is used to identify mammals (primates and rabbits)? c. What synapomorphies separate rabbits/primates from crocodiles? d. What group or groups of organisms are most closely related to amphibians?arrow_forward
- The taxon Crocodilia includes crocodiles, Aves includes birds, and Squamata includes snakes and lizards. If we think of Crocodilia and Squamata as reptiles, what kind of phylogenetic group do they form? (paraphyletic, monophyletic, polyphyletic)arrow_forwardThe following four line drawings are reconstructions of invertebrate fossil. Using your knowledge of the extant invertebrate phyla, please indicate which phylum this species mostly likely belongs to. Support your conclusion by connecting the morphological characteristics of the fossil species with the distinguishing characteristics of the phylum.arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenetic tree depicting our current understanding of the animal phylogeny. Include the major groups of animals at the tips of your tree: Deuterostomia, Protostomia, Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa, Porifera, and Cnidaria. Additionally, label the common ancestor of all animals, indicate which groups are considered invertebrates, and indicate where the vertebrates fit within the phylogeny. Write on your tree where the following characteristics arose as evolutionary innovations: multicellularity, true tissues, radial and bilateral symmetry, animals with 2 germ layers and animals with 3 germ layers.arrow_forward
- draw an evolutionarily accurate phylogenetic tree with the 5 lineages of Amniotes shown in the top figure, but with a different arrangement. You can exclude lungfishes and amphibians but include all other lineages. You can do this by swiveling the branches.arrow_forwardThrough the phylogenetic tree of major groups of vertebrates provided below, answer the given table by numbering and naming each node in the diagram. Then list the names of each group and write down the shared characteristic(s) of it. You may add more rows if needed. Node Number (e.g. 1 - Gnasthostomata) Animal Group 1 Animal Group 2 Shared Characteristics of Animal Group 1 & 2arrow_forwardcreate a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different Phyla. Take note that some characters may be secondarily lost during the evolution of these different. there is a photo of example of cladogram belowarrow_forward
- Figure 12.8 Which animals in this figure belong to a clade that includes animals with hair? Which evolved first: hair or the amniotic egg?arrow_forwardDirections: Use the cladogram below to answer the questions Ray-finned fish Rodents & rabbits Crocodiles Sharks Amphibians Primates Birds Eggs with shelle Hair Amniotic egg Four limbs Bony skeleton Vertebrae 7. What trait separates amphibians from primates on this cladogram? What separates rabbits and primates from crocodiles on this cladogram? 9. Which organism is most related to the bird on this cladogram? 10. What 5 traits do these two organisms share? 11. Which organism will have DNA most similar to the bird? 12. Which organism's DNA will differ the most from the bird? 8.arrow_forwardAnalyze the phylogenetic tree specifically focusing on the four limbs and what are its relationship to the other groupsarrow_forward
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Phylogeny and the Tree of Life; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLMn4XwS8Tw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY