CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780136538820
Author: Taylor
Publisher: INTER PEAR
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Chapter 27, Problem 16TYK
Summary Introduction
To determine: The mechanism that takes place in an embryo that explain how the nerve cells grow out from the spinal cord and form connections with the muscles they will eventually control.
Introduction:
The regulation of the movement of the muscles is brought about by the nervous system. It is the system that controls the entire body and all sorts of movements. It does so with the help of chemicals it secretes out which are called as the neurotransmitters. These chemicals are received by their receptors present on the cells of various organs and thereby they generate an appropriate response.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A cell that has undergone specification to become a neuron is placed in a non-neutral environment for muscle development. Does it become a neuron or muscle cell?
Put these events in the correct chronological sequence:
1. End-plate potentials trigger action potentials.
2. Transverse tubules convey potentials into the interior of the cell.
3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate.
4. Binding sites on actin are uncovered, allowing myosin to bind
and carry out power strokes.
5. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
6. Chemically regulated ion channels open, causing depolarization.
7. Ca2+ ions bind to troponin-C, pulling on tropomyosin.
A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4, 7,6
B) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 7, 4
C) 4, 1, 3, 7, 2, 6, 5
D) 2, 4, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5
E) 3, 6, 1, 5, 7, 2, 4
A cell that has undergone determination to become a neuron is placed in a non-neutral environment for muscle development. Does it become a neuron or muscle cell?
Chapter 27 Solutions
CAMPBEL BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
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- A hypothetical organ has the following functional requirements : (1) the ability to resist surface abrasion and mechanical stresses;(2) the ability to contract involuntarily when stimulated by cells of the nervous system; and (3) the ability to resist tension in many different planes of force. The organ needs one tissue to carry out each of these requirements, and it also needs one tissue to " glue" all other tissues together, and one tissue to stimulate the contracting cells. What are the five tissues that will make up this hypothetical organ ? Justify your choices .arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is unique to skeletal muscle? O a) skeletal muscle has striations O b) skeletal muscle is attached to bones O c) skeletal muscle is under voluntary control O d) skeletal muscle is multinucleated O all of the above O b, c, & d but not aarrow_forwardWhat is the function of Myosin molecules?arrow_forward
- For the myosin head to form cross bridges with actin, it is necessary for to bind to actin. a) Calcium b) Troponin c) Sarcolemma d) ATParrow_forwardCardiac and skeletal muscle are both “striated” types of muscle and yet they have very distinct functional characteristics. a) Skeletal muscle functions as discrete motor units and the cardiac muscle works as a functional syncytium. Define the italicized terms in the previous sentence, explain their importance, and describe the cellular features that underlie these functional differences. b) Cardiac muscle exhibits automaticity, while excitation of skeletal muscle is neurogenic. Define the italicized terms and provide a brief explanation of mechanisms underlying each.arrow_forward2) List the names of the two major Contractile Proteins. Which of the proteins is "bound" and "anchored" to the cell membrane? The other protein essentially "floats" within the ctyoplasm; which contractile protein "floats". 3) Contractions in a muscle cell (or fiber) is always stimulated and intiated by a rapid rise in intrallcellular calcium. Write a brief paragraph or two explaining the differences in the sources of Contraction- causing-Calcium within the 3 different muscle-cell types.arrow_forward
- What binding sites do myosin heads contain?arrow_forwardA researcher is investigating the effects of a toxin, isolated from the skin of a South American tree frog. The researcher is exploring the effect of that toxin on synaptic transmission at the mammalian skeletal neuromuscular junction. Their previous studies established that the toxin had no direct effect upon skeletal muscle contractility, but it did block muscle contractility elicited indirectly via electrical stimulation of the motor nerve. To establish how the toxin influenced synaptic transmission, in vitro studies were performed using the mouse phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm skeletal muscle preparation, bathed in a buffered saline solution containing a raised magnesium and lowered calcium concentration. Under these conditions intracellular recording determined the effect of the toxin on the amplitude (in mV) of miniature endplate potentials (mepps) and endplate potentials (epps) – see Table 1. Mean mepp amplitude Mean epp amplitude Control 0.5 mV 8 mV Toxin 0.5 mV 2 mV Table 1: Mean…arrow_forwardAn unexpected discovery from studies of ameboid movement is that the same proteins found in the contractile system of animal muscle—actin and myosin—are present in ameboid cells. Explain how these and other proteins interact during ameboid movement.arrow_forward
- Striated and smooth muscle activation differ because: a.) striated muscle activation is due to structural changes in the actin thin filament while smooth muscle activation requires structural changes in the myosin thick filament b.) striated muscle excitation is voltage dependent and smooth muscle is not c.) striated muscle activation requires calcium but smooth muscle does not d.) troponin C binds calcium in striated muscle while tropomyosin binds calcium in smooth muscle e.) A & Darrow_forwardWhich if the following statements are true? (Select all that apply.) a) Electromyography measures the number of motor units active in a muscle. b) Electromyography measures the frequency of muscle fibers in a muscle. c)Electromyography is a recording of the voltage produced by the skeletal muscle contractions. d) Electromyography is a measurement of all motor units in a muscle.arrow_forwardwhich of the following would be false? a) summation of B and C would not change membrane b) summation of B would be an IPSP c) summation of C and A = suprathreshold stimuli d) stimulation by A would depolarize cell e) repeated stimulation by A could spatially summate and reach threshold (This would be temporal summation)arrow_forward
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