Chapter 27, Problem 10P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The amino acid replacements that would be consistent with the genetic code if the replacements were caused by a single base change and amino acid replacements that cannot be the result of a single-base mutation.

Introduction:

The codons UUU, UUC, UUA, and UUG codes for the amino acid phenylalanine and the codons CUU, CUC, CUA and CUG codes for the amino acids leucine.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The amino acid replacements that would be consistent with the genetic code if the replacements were caused by a single base change and amino acid replacements which cannot be the result of a single-base mutation.

Introduction:

The lysine and alanine both are amino acids and are found in the human body. The lysine is encoded by AAA and AAG codons. The codons GGU, GCC, GGA and GCG encodes for alanine.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The amino acids replacement that would be consistent with the genetic code if the replacements were caused by a single base change and amino acid replacements which cannot be the result of a single-base mutation.

Introduction:

The codons which code for alanine amino acid are GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG. The codons which code for threonine are ACU, ACC, ACA and ACG. The last two bases in the codons are similar in amino acids, alanine and threonine.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The amino acid replacements that would be consistent with the genetic code if the replacements were caused by a single base change and amino acid replacements which cannot be the result of a single-base mutation.

Introduction:

The codons which code for amino acid phenylalanine are UUU, UUC, UUA and UUG. Lysine is encoded by the codons AAA and AAG. The conversion does not involve the change in the single base.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The amino acid replacements that would be consistent with the genetic code if the replacements were caused by a single base change and amino acid replacements which cannot be result of a single-base mutation.

Introduction:

The amino acid isoleucine is encoded by the amino acids AUU and AUA. The amino acid leucine is encoded by codons CUU, CUC and CUA. The change in the single base pair and whole bases are same in both amino acids.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The amino acid replacements that would be consistent with the genetic code if the replacements were caused by a single base change and amino acid replacements which cannot be the result of a single-base mutation. Give reason.

Introduction:

The amino acid histidine is encoded by the codons CAU and CAC. The amino acid glutamic acid is encoded by the codons GAA and GAG. All bases are different in both the amino acids.