(a)
Interpretation:
A curved-arrow mechanism that involves the important intermediates for the formation of pyridoxamine phosphate is to be stated. The significance of the pyridinium ion in the catalysis of the given reaction sequence is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The curved-arrow notation is used to show the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. The curved arrow has two barbs (head and tail) which represent the direction of electron flow.
(b)
Interpretation:
A curved-arrow mechanism for converting the
Concept introduction:
The curved-arrow notation is used to show the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. The curved arrow has two barbs (head and tail) which represent the direction of electron flow.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY STUDY GUIDE AND S
- (a) Explain why an alkylamine is more basic than ammonia?(b) How would you convert(i) Aniline to nitrobenzene (ii) Aniline to iodobenzenearrow_forwardThe saccharide shown here is present in some plant-derived foods. (a) Indicate the anomeric carbon atom(s) in this structure by drawing a circle around the atom(s) or by drawing an arrow pointing to the atom(s). (b) Would this saccharide give a positive result with Benedict’s reagent? Why or why not? (c) Would this saccharide give a positive result with Barfoed’s reagent? Why or why not? (d) Would this saccharide give a positive result with Seliwanoff’s reagent? Why or why not? (e) In a separate set of experiments, the saccharide solution was treated with a reagent that breaks glycosidic bonds. After this treatment, would any of the three assays give different results? Be sure to indicate which assay results would be different and give a reason.arrow_forwardWhich is the stronger acid in each of the following pairs? Explain your reasoning. (a) Phenol or p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (b) m-Cyanophenol or p-cyanophenol (c) o-Fluorophenol or p-fluorophenolarrow_forward
- Show how you can synthesize the following compounds starting with benzene, toluene, and alcohols containing no morethan four carbon atoms as your organic starting materials. Assume that para is the major product (and separable fromortho) in ortho, para mixtures.(a) pentan-1-amine (b) N-methylbutan-1-amine(c) N-ethyl-N-propylbutan-2-amine (d) N-benzylpropan-1-amine(e)N N OH(e) (f) 3-propylaniline(g) 4-isobutylanilinearrow_forwardThe hydrocarbon fluorene was treated with potassium t-butoxide in an acid-base reaction, giving the fluorenide anion and t-butyl alcohol. (a) Which way does the equilibrium lie, and by how much? b) What is the proportion of the fluorenide anion to fluorene? (c) Why is fluorene so highly acidic, considering the pKa of an average alkane is above 50?arrow_forward(a) Which of the following phenols is the least acidic? (b) Which of the following phenols is the most acidic?arrow_forward
- How would you account for the following :(a) Electrophilic susbstitution in case of aromatic amines takes place more readily than benzene.(b) Ethanamide is a weaker base than ethanamine.arrow_forwardEach of the following is a much weaker base than aniline. Present a resonance argument to explain the effect of the substituent in each case. (a) o-Cyanoaniline (c) p-Aminoacetophenonearrow_forwardال | A) B) ID) 5. (5) Provide the curved-arrow mechanism to account for the following imine formation through nucleophile addition. } H₂N acetic acid HO acetic acidarrow_forward
- (a) How will you obtain the following :(i) Benzaldehyde from Phenol (ii) Benzoic acid from Aniline(b) Give reasons :(i) Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic reagents.(ii) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta position.(iii) Carboxylic acids do not give the characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.arrow_forwardEthoxide is used as the base in the condensation of ethyl acetate to avoid some unwantedside reactions. Show what side reactions would occur if the following bases were used.(a) sodium methoxide (b) sodium hydroxidearrow_forward(a) Which is the correct structure of the alkyl halide substrate? (b) Which is the correct structure of the nucleophile?arrow_forward
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