Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The function of glycerol 3-phosphate, phosphatidate, diacylglycerol in the formation of triacylglycerol and phospholipid. should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Phospholipids are the basic constituent of all cell membranes. They usually form lipid bilayers. The structure of a phospholipid molecule has a tail made up of two hydrophobic fatty acid and a hydrophilic head comprising of a phosphate group.
Answer to Problem 1P
Glycerol 3-phosphate, phosphatidate, and diacylglycerol act as a precursor for the formation of triacylglycerol and phospholipid.
Explanation of Solution
Glycerol 3-phosphate acts as the base for the formation of both triacylglycerol and phospholipid. Glycerol 3-phosphate is a glycolytic chemical intermediate. Glycerol 3-phosphate is synthesized typically by the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (intermediate of gluconeogenesis).
Formation of phosphatidate:
Phosphatidate is formed during the initial step of the production of both triacylglycerols for energy storage and phospholipids for membranes.
Glycerol 3-phosphate become acylated by the acyl CoA. It then forms lysophosphatidate. Then this lysophosphatidate is again acylated by acyl CoA to form phosphatidate.
Formation of triacylglycerol:
During the formation of triacylglycerol, the phosphoryl group is eliminated from glycerol-3 phosphate to synthesize diacylglycerol. This diacylglycerol is then acylated to produce triacylglycerol.
Formation of phospholipid:
During the phospholipid production, phosphatidate usually reacts with Cytidine triphosphate or CTP. This reaction produces CDP-diacylglycerol. Then CDP-diacylglycerol further reacts with alcohol and produce a phospholipid. Instead, diacylglycerol can also react with a Cytidine Diphosphate or CDP alcohol to synthesize a phospholipid.
In this way, glycerol 3-phosphate, phosphatidate, diacylglycerol play an important role in the formation of triacylglycerol and phospholipid. These molecules act as a precursor for the formation of triacylglycerol and phospholipid.
Glycerol 3-phosphate, phosphatidate, and diacylglycerol act as a precursor for the formation of triacylglycerol and phospholipid.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Fill in the Blanks. Supply the missing enzyme (E), pathway (P) or intermediate (I) by typing the 3-LETTER LABEL ONLY (e.g., ABA only and not ABA. Glycolysis) on the blanks provided ( glucose $12. E 11.E glucose-1-P glucose-6-P 1.1 6-phosphogluconate 10. E ribose-5-phosphate 1 2. P POOL OF CHOICES: ABA. glycolysis ACA. gluconeogenesis AGA. glycogenolysis ADA. glycogen synthesis AJA. TCA cycle AEA. beta-oxidation AFA. fatty acid synthesis AHA. TAG synthesis AZA. nucleotide synthesis AXA. fermentation AKA. pentose phosphate pathway ALA. pyruvate AMA. H₂O ANA. acetyl CoA AQA. mevalonate ASA. CO₂ ATA. beta-hydroxybutyrate AWA. oxaloacetate BAB. GTP SAB. 6-phosphogluconolactone axaloacetate lactate 6.1 1/20₂ 9. P oxaloacetate Mitochondria NADH, FADH₂ NAD+, FAD ADP, P ATP phosphoenolpyruvate 8.1 acety CoA 7. P NAD+, FAD succinate citrate alpha-ketoglutarate steroids 5.1 palmitoyl CoA 4.1 3. P malonyl CoA citrate Dracticar Acety CoA HMG-CoA ↓ acetoacetate CAB. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex…arrow_forwardHi, help please. Discuss each method of regulating phosphofructokinase below as indicated by the circle. Discuss 1.) The type of regulation occurring, 2.) What compound or condition performs the regulation, 3.) How/why it influences the enzyme activity.arrow_forwardBetween two extremes. What is the role of a thioester in the formation of ATP in glycolysis?arrow_forward
- Tracing glucose. Glucose labeled with 14 C at C-6 is added to a solution containing the enzymes and cofactors of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. What is the fate of the radioactive label?arrow_forwardRequired partner. Aminotransferases require which of the following cofactors: a. NAD+/NADP+NAD+/NADP+ b. Pyridoxal phosphate c. Thiamine pyrophosphate d. Biopterinarrow_forward. A nervous polecat. Pyrrolysine (Pyl, O) and Selenocysteine (Sec, U) are two uncommon amino acids. Knowing that these amino acids exists, translate the following amino acid sequence into one – letter code: Thr – Trp – Ile – Thr – Cys – His – Tyr – Leu – Ile – Thr – Thr – Ile – Glu – Phe – Glu – Arg – Arg – Glu – Thr – Ala – Arg – Glu – Asn – Thr – Tyr – Pyl – Sec – Met – Ala – Leu – Phe – Pyl – Tyr.arrow_forward
- No plagiarism please. Use your own words. Thanks. Discuss the preferred locations of different classes of amino acids in transmembrane proteins. Explain the formation of thioether-linked prenyl anchor proteins. Explain the structure of caveolae.arrow_forwardATP yield. Each of the following molecules is processed by glycolysis to lactate. How much ATP is generated from each molecule?arrow_forwardRespiratory paralysis. Tabun and sarin have been used as chemical-warfare agents, and parathion has been employed as an insecticide. What is the molec ular basis of their lethal actions? Tabun H3C Sarin -NO2 Parathionarrow_forward
- Help please. This question is specifically asking for the identification of the biomolecules that are attached to the sphingosine core, then we need to answer what bond causes those biomolecules to be connected to the sphingosine, what reaction created that bond (maybe addition or oxidation etc.), what were the starting materials and lastly what reagents or conditions are needed for the reaction to occur. Thank you!arrow_forwardmolecule. Which of the following fatty acids is an omega-3 fatty acid? bond starting with the third carbon from the methyl end (the omega end) of the Omega-3 (@-3) fatty acids are unsaturated fatty acids with a carbon-to-carbon double a-linolenic a) b) stearic oleic linoleic myristic ebil The molecule at the left is an example of which lipid? CH2 a) b) wax terpene steroid CH2 -0-P-0- d) sphingolipid glycerophospholipid bigit nisrtarrow_forwardMETABOLIC PATHWAYS. Carefully analyze the diagram below. Complete the diagram below by providing the name of the pathway (in oblongs beside arrows), OR the product or the precursor (rectangles). Choose your answer from the terms provided below. Write the capital letters of your answer on the space provided. The same answer can be used more than once. starch sucrose lactose 19 20 18 glucose gly cogen glycogenoly sis 17 Urea 1 cycle glucose ribos 3 16 gluconeogenesis glycolysis some amino acids 4 lactic acid amino acid catabolism 15 13 11 6 fats 12 acety FCOA ketone bodi 14 fatty add synthesis A.glucose B.fructose TERM BANK P. glycolysis Q. glycogenolysis C. galactose R. lipolys is FAD NAD+ S. ketogenesis E. pyruvate T. B-oxidation F.NADPH U. Kreb's cycle G. FADH2 V. fermentation W. glycogenesis X. lipogenesis J. glycerol Y.hydrolysis Z. oxidation AB. pentose phosphate pathway N. cellulose XY, electron transport chain D. urea 10 8 H. NADH I. NH3 9. K. H20 L. CO2 АТР M. maltose O. fatty…arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON