Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 26, Problem 16PS
Summary Introduction
To explain: The necessity of reporting the “person-years” data while studying the control of HIV infections in human with or without condoms.
Concept introduction: The person-years data are a measurement of the probability for some medical conditions of how many people are affected with in a specific period. In some cases, the total new infections are expressed during a particular time period.
Summary Introduction
To explain: What would be wrong about simply comparing the number of people who became infected in each group.
Concept introduction: The person-years data are a measurement of the probability for some medical conditions of how many people are affected with in a specific period. In some cases, the total new infections are expressed during a particular time period.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
What are the challenges to reducing the number of new HIV cases by increasing condom use? In other words, what are the obstacles to accomplishing a substantially
increased rate of condom use?
What do you think is the importance why we have a specialized area for HIV Testing in terms of its facilities and proficiency training?
How might the offer of a financial incentive influence sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening rates?
Financial incentives are likely to have no effect on STI screening rates as the main deterrents are fear of stigma and embarrassment.
The presence of a financial incentive might allow for external attributions of behavior, mitigating the embarrassment associated with STI screening and potentially increasing participation
Financial incentives could exacerbate the stigma associated with STI screening, leading to decreased participation
Offering financial incentives might increase anxiety about having to inform partners in the case of a positive result, leading to lower screening rates
Chapter 26 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The following graph shows the recent HIV status of expecting South African women. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow. 28 % that are HIV positive 26 24 22 O 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year 3.6 Describe two trends that you observe when looking at the graph:arrow_forwardHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that can be passed through sexual contact and affect the genitals, mouth, or throat. A vaccine that prevents infections from several of the common strains of HPV was developed in 2006. When the HPV vaccine was first developed, it was initially administered only to girls in most jurisdictions. Now, the HPV vaccine is provided free to both boys and girls in all the provinces and territories, although eligible ages vary. Alberta was one of the first provinces to include boys in their HPV immunization program. Currently, in Alberta, Grade 6 students are routinely immunized against HPV and the HPV immunization program is free for all students until the end of Grade 12. It has been established that 2 doses of the vaccine over 6 months are effective in individuals under 15 years of age. Individuals over 15 need 3 doses over 6 months. The cost of a single dose is about $200. When the HPV vaccine was first introduced, it was recommended…arrow_forwardIn 2014, a study investigated the frequency of HIV in a remote New Zealand community a total of 132 people participated in the study. A serological tests to diagnose cases of early HIV were conducted for each participant during 2014. Two cases were identified. The researchers followed those at risk for another year, and during this time frame another person was diagnosed. (d) It appeared that not all the people at risk were followed for the entire year (2015). In fact only 65 people were followed for 12 months, 5 participants were followed for 10 months, 22 were followed for 7 months, 8 were followed for 6 months, 15 for 4 months and another 15 for 2 months. Calculate the person-time of observation - What was the incident rate of HIV during 2015. - Assuming HIV has no cure (which is not correct if detected early!) and the incidence rate of HIV in the community remained constant what should happen to the prevalence of HIV in this cohort over time?arrow_forward
- HIV continues to be a major public health issue in our country. In response, different sectors are involved in information dissemination and prevention strategies to curb this fast-growing HIV epidemic. For you to have a better understanding on the impact of HIV, try searching for the latest statistics of HIV cases in the Philippines. What data were you able to search for? How many HIV cases does the Philippines have?arrow_forwardIn 2014, a study investigated the frequency of HIV in a remote New Zealand community a total of 132 people participated in the study. A serological tests to diagnose cases of early HIV were conducted for each participant during 2014. Two cases were identified. The researchers followed those at risk for another year, and during this time frame another person was diagnosed. (a) What was the prevalence of HIV in 2014? (b) What was the prevalence of HIV among study participants at the end of 2015 Assume no loss to follow-up. (c) What was the cumulative incidence of HIV over the study period? (d) It appeared that not all the people at risk were followed for the entire year (2015). In fact only 65 people were followed for 12 months, 5 participants were followed for 10 months, 22 were followed for 7 months, 8 were followed for 6 months, 15 for 4 months and another 15 for 2 months. Calculate the person-time of observation (e) What…arrow_forwardWhat are the individual and societal consequences of offering regular, routine HIVtesting?arrow_forward
- According to Veatch, et. al., when considering whether a treatment is futile or no, we should only consider the potential health benefits. True Falsearrow_forwardUse the text as guide, answering the question, as a medical technology student, what is the importance of understanding RA 11166? Enumerate at least 4 ways how are you going to promote HIV awareness?arrow_forwardThe gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) is a species in which females come into estrus and mate with several males on one night each year. Females accept any and all partners, but a genetic analysis of offspring indicated a greater difference in the MHC genes of mothers and actual fathers than in mothers and males selected at random from the population (Schwensow et al. 2008). Use these results to evaluate the various hypotheses on the indirect genetic benefits of polyandry. What do they suggest about the mechanism that enables a sexually promiscuous female mammal to exercise mate choice? Don't write from any online source..arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true about the HIV/AIDS situation in 2021? The number of new HIV infections per year in Sub-Saharan Africa is higher than ever before. The number of AIDS deaths per year in Sub-Saharan Africa is higher than ever before. Group of answer choices Statement I is true, but statement II is not. Statement II is true, but statement I is not. Both statements are true. Neither statement is true.arrow_forwardConduct a research about government programs on population control. List down at least three (3) programs and take note of the family planning methods that are available and how they administer them to the community. Based on your research, answer the following questions. • What can you say about the programs you listed? • What are the risks of getting pregnant during this covid-19 pandemic? As a STEM student, how can you help in educating teenagers like you about teenage pregnancy?arrow_forwardWhen the CDC informed blood bank leaders about the danger of HIV spread through HIV infected blood: (choose all that apply) A. Resisted the idea of implementing control measures B. Banned IV drug users from donating blood C. Banned homosexual people from becoming blood donors D. Called HIV researchers and CDC epidemiologists “alarmists” and E. declared that there was not enough evidence to test all donated blood for HIV E. Blood bank leaders embraced the prevention strategy and immediately started testing all blood donated in the USarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Psychology of Violent Behaviour; Author: Simon Fraser University;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTdqo_7_qLE;License: Standard Youtube License