Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 15P
In eukaryotic transcription, what is the function of a histone chaperone? Of a chromatin remodeling complex? Of Mediator?
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Which is the expected outcome following the deacetylation of histones?
a) Coiling of chromatin, preventing it from being accessed by transcriptional machinery
b) Coiling of chromatin, allowing it to be accessed by transcriptional machinery
c) Uncoiling of chromatin, preventing it from being accessed by transcriptional machinery
d) Uncoiling of chromatin, allowing it to be accessed by transcriptional machinery
Typically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in nucleosomes leads to
removal of the protein components of the chromatin from the DNA
relaxed packaging of the chromatin and increased transcription
increased amounts of euchromatin relative to heterochromatin
activation of topoisomerase
tighter packaging of the chromatin and reduced transcription
Match the type of chromatin modification with the most likely effect on gene expression near the modified region. Each answer will be used once.
-Increased expression
-decreased expression
-may increase or decrease expression
a)Histone acetylation
b)Histone methylation
c)CpG methylation
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Describe events associated with the process of transcription in eukaryotic cells. How is the process different in prokaryotic cells?arrow_forwardDefine both transcription and translation. In addition, describe the role(s) of each of the following in the processes of gene expression and protein synthesis: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, ribosome(s), RNA polymerase, codon, anticodon, amino acid(s) and polypeptide(s). Be detailed in your answer.arrow_forwardTranscriptionally active chromatin are generally found near the outer regions of the nucleus near the membrane. true or false?arrow_forward
- Is an entire chromosome made into an mRNA during transcription?arrow_forwardWhat are the two general mechanisms by which histone acetylation affects transcription?arrow_forwardThe interphase nucleus is a highly structured organelle with chromosome territories, interchromatin compartments, and transcription factories. In cultured human cells, researchers have identified approximately 8000 transcription factories per cell, each containing an average of eight tightly associated RNAP II molecules actively transcribing RNA. If each RNAP II molecule is transcribing a different gene, how might such a transcription factory appear? Provide a simple diagram that shows eight different genes being transcribed in a transcription factory and include the promoters, structural genes, and nascent transcripts in your presentation.arrow_forward
- What is the result when the core histones are acetylated via histone acetyltransferase? A) The result depends on which histone is modified. B) The DNA becomes more tightly associated with the core. O C) The DNA becomes less associated with the core. This modification has no effect on how tightly associated DNA will become with the core.arrow_forwardATM is a kinase that phosphorylates histone H2AX in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Which of the following scenarios would most quickly regulate ATM activity in the cell? a) Adding silencing methyl groups to cytosines in the Atm gene b) Modifying the histone code for the Atm gene c) Increasing expression of a miRNA specific for the Atm mRNA d) Activating an E3 ubiquitin ligase specific for the ATM proteinarrow_forwardHydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forward
- In a eukaryotic cell, where does transcription occur? Where does translation occur?arrow_forwardDefine, explain, and differentiate between, the processes of transcription and translation. What enzymes or sub-cellular structures are responsible for carrying out these processes?arrow_forwardUsing the transcription unit diagrammed below, in which exons are represented by blue boxes and introns are represented by the connecting lines. You discover a single base deletion in region E of this DNA sequence. Regarding transcription, this mutation will likely: 1.) Result in an alteration to the mRNA sequence. 2.)Have no effect on transcription or the mRNA sequence 3.)Prevent transcription at the TATAA box 4.) Result in an increase or decrease in the amount of mRNA transcribedarrow_forward
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