Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780078024283
Author: Michael McKinley Dr., Valerie O'Loughlin, Theresa Bidle
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 25.2, Problem 8WDYL
Which of these four hormones—angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide—increases urine output?
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Which of these four hormones—angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide—increases urine output?
a)Name the two factors that trigger the release of ADH (vasopressin).
b) What happens to plasma osmolarity when there is excessive water loss through sweating and it is not replaced?
c) Describe the renal regulation of potassium, where is K+, what is the hormone that is responsible for the secretion of K+, the name of the cells, and the location in the nephron where the fine-tuning of K+ occurs.
During a state of low blood volume and decreased extracellular sodium level (as in cardiac failure), which one of the following occurs?
1) B. Aldosterone is produced by the kidneys, leading to the release of renin, which increases kidney reabsorption of sodium.
2) D. Antidiuretic hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which increases reabsorption of sodium and water retention.
3) A. Renin is produced by the kidneys and is converted to angiotensin, which induces the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal gland, which in turn increases reabsorption of sodium and retention of water.
4) C. Renin is produced by the adrenal glands, leading to vasoconstriction and production of antidiuretic hormone by the pituitary gland, which increases fluid volume by causing water retention.
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach
Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 1WDYLCh. 25.1 - Which ions are more prevalent in the intracellular...Ch. 25.1 - What is the major distinction in the chemical...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 4WDYLCh. 25.2 - What are the two major sources of fluid intake?...Ch. 25.2 - How would you distinguish fluid deficiency from...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 7WDYLCh. 25.2 - Which of these four hormonesangiotensin II,...Ch. 25.3 - Why do electrolytes exert a greater osmotic...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 10WDYL
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 11WDYLCh. 25.4 - How does the homeostatic system involving ADH...Ch. 25.4 - How does aldosterone influence the contents and...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 14WDYLCh. 25.5 - What is meant by acid-base balance?Ch. 25.5 - How are fixed acids distinguished from volatile...Ch. 25.5 - How do the kidneys regulate fixed acids to help...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 25.5 - What are the three chemical buffering systems, and...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 20WDYLCh. 25.6 - How does a compensated acid-base imbalance differ...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 22WDYLCh. 25.6 - What is the primary cause of metabolic alkalosis?Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 24WDYLCh. 25 - Prob. 1DYKBCh. 25 - _____ 2. The fluid compartment with the largest...Ch. 25 - _____3. Which of the following would result in...Ch. 25 - _____4. If an individual has decreased saliva...Ch. 25 - _____5. Which hormone decreases total body fluid,...Ch. 25 - Which of the following describes an electrolyte?...Ch. 25 - Prob. 7DYKBCh. 25 - An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by...Ch. 25 - Which of the following is not a chemical buffer in...Ch. 25 - The kidney can act to buffer the blood by a....Ch. 25 - List the three variables that determine the...Ch. 25 - Describe the movement of water between the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 13DYKBCh. 25 - Explain the homeostatic system involving the renin...Ch. 25 - Describe how ANP is regulated and how it opposes...Ch. 25 - Describe the functions of Na+ and how it is...Ch. 25 - Describe what occurs in the kidney to maintain...Ch. 25 - Prob. 18DYKBCh. 25 - List the three chemical buffers, and describe how...Ch. 25 - Describe respiratory acidosis and its...Ch. 25 - Maria brings her baby to the emergency room. She...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2CALCh. 25 - Prob. 3CALCh. 25 - Harold has been suffering from diabetes mellitus...Ch. 25 - Prob. 5CALCh. 25 - Morgan is a nurse at the local hospital. She...Ch. 25 - Ms. Taylor, 68 years old, has been vomiting for 2...
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- Drugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are often employed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) or other disease states. Three physiological categories of such drugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibit the action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in the collecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories would be expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow.arrow_forwardIndividuals with a rare condition called diabetes insipidus do not produce vasopressin. How would urine output of an individual with diabetes insipidus compare with that of a healthy individual?arrow_forwardWhich three electrolytes are most closely regulated by the kidney?arrow_forward
- Contrast the effects of aldosterone and ADH on water reabsorption in the kidney. How are they similar and how do they differ?arrow_forwardIf a patient were overhydrated and had no ADH present, what would happen to water reabsortion and urine concentration? What factors affect ADH release?arrow_forwardRenin is secreted in response to hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by which these conditions may stimulate rennin secretion. What are the consequences of increased rennin secretion that lead to increased aldosterone secretion? Present this sequence of events. Why are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) used as a common therapy for hypertension? How do they influence blood pressure? Are plasma levels of renin elevated or depressed in a patient with Conn’s disease? Why?arrow_forward
- A 37-year-old man has hypertension caused by aldosterone-secreting neoplasm. Which of the following is the likely effect on renal function? A) Decreased reabsorption of phosphate by distal tubule (B). Decreased secretion of H+ by collecting duct by collecting duct (C) Decreased secretion of K+ by collecting duct (D) Increased reabsorption of Na+ by the collecting duct (E) Increased reabsorption of Na+ by the proximal tubulearrow_forwardDuring the maximal water diuresis, the ratio of the tubular fluid to plasma osmolarity is greater than 1.0 in which of the following? (A) The bend of the loop of Henle (B). Bowman Space (C) The collecting duct (D) The distal renal tubule (E) The proximal convoluted renal tubulearrow_forwardWhy did the addition of ADH also affect the concentration of potassium in the urine (compared with baseline)?arrow_forward
- How does the secretion of ADH affect urine volume and urine concentration? What factors increase the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland? How would you alter the secretion of aldosterone and ADH to reabsorb more sodium without reabsorbing large quantities of water from the filtrate?arrow_forwardWhat effect would increased aldosterone secretion have on the K+ concentration in urine?arrow_forwardThe process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms? Choose from the following: (A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood (B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular bloodarrow_forward
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