Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 25.1, Problem 3CYP
Explain how antigenic shift and drift differ and how they affect the immune status of populations.
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 1ELOCh. 25.1 - Understand what is meant by antigenic shift and...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 3ELOCh. 25.1 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 25.1 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 25.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 25.1 - What is unusual about the genome of influenza...Ch. 25.1 - Explain how antigenic shift and drift differ and...Ch. 25.1 - Explain the course of infection and disease and...Ch. 25.1 - Explain generally how flu vaccines are prepared....
Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 25.1 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 25.2 - Recall the enveloped viruses possessing a...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 25.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 25.2 - Prob. 9ELOCh. 25.2 - Describe the structural characteristics common to...Ch. 25.2 - Describe the steps in the production of...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 25.2 - Name two examples of Paramyxovirus and describe...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 25.2 - Summarize the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,...Ch. 25.2 - Describe the epidemiological cycle in rabies.Ch. 25.2 - Which animals in the United States are most...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 25.2 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 25.3 - Understand the epidemiology, diagnosis, and...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 25.3 - Summarize the transmission and pathology of the...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 25.3 - Outline a typical course of hepatitis C infection,...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 25.4 - Describe the pathology of arboviral disease.Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 16ELOCh. 25.4 - Name several activities that increase the risk of...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 25CYPCh. 25.4 - Prob. 26CYPCh. 25.4 - How is the cycle of the viruses maintained in the...Ch. 25.4 - Describe the symptoms of the encephalitis type of...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 29CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 17ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 25.5 - Describe the structural features of the human...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 21ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 22ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 23ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 25ELOCh. 25.5 - Understand the purpose of using combination...Ch. 25.5 - Describe the diseases associated with HTLV-I.Ch. 25.5 - What are retroviruses, and how are they different...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 31CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 32CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 33CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 34CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 35CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 36CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 37CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 38CYPCh. 25.5 - List the major opportunistic bacterial, fungal,...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 40CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 41CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 42CYPCh. 25.5 - What is the rationale behind the use of HAART...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 44CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 45CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 28ELOCh. 25.6 - Describe the range of pathologies seen in...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 30ELOCh. 25.6 - Understand the epidemiology, diagnosis, and...Ch. 25.6 - Understand why rhinovirus infections are typically...Ch. 25.6 - Describe the epidemiology and pathology of...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 34ELOCh. 25.6 - Prob. 46CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 47CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 48CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 49CYPCh. 25.6 - What characteristics of enteric viruses cause them...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 51CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 52CYPCh. 25.6 - List several activities that reduce the incidence...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 54CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 55CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 56CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 57CYPCh. 25.6 - What viruses possess a double-stranded RNA genome...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 35ELOCh. 25.7 - Prob. 36ELOCh. 25.7 - Prob. 37ELOCh. 25.7 - Describe the characteristics of the agents...Ch. 25.7 - Explain how bovine spongiform encephalopathy can...Ch. 25.7 - Make a flowchart to explain the mechanism of how...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 62CYPCh. 25.7 - Prob. 63CYPCh. 25.L1 - Which receptors of the influenza virus are...Ch. 25.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 25.L1 - A common, highly diagnostic sign of measles is a....Ch. 25.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 25.L1 - For which disease are active and passive...Ch. 25.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 25.L1 - Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of a....Ch. 25.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 25.L1 - During which periods of a measles infection is a...Ch. 25.L1 - Match each of the statement below to measles or...Ch. 25.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 25.L2 - a. Explain the relationship between herd immunity...Ch. 25.L2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 4CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 6CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 7CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 25.L2 - Biopsies from the liver and intestine of an...Ch. 25.L2 - Refer to figures 25.2 and 25.23, and compare and...
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- Consider the formula in Section 3 of SimUText's How Diseases Spread that relates the critical immunization threshold, pc and the Basic Reproductive Number R0. Recall that the critical immunization threshold is the minimum proportion of the population that must be vaccinated to establish herd immunity; and The Basic Reproductive Number is the average number of individuals infected by an infected individual, if the whole population is susceptible. What happens to the critical immunization threshold as R0 gets larger (more individuals are infected by an infected individual)? Consider the formula in Section 3 of SimUText's How Diseases Spread that relates the critical immunization threshold, pcand the Basic Reproductive Number R0. Recall that the critical immunization threshold is the minimum proportion of the population that must be vaccinated to establish herd immunity; and The Basic Reproductive Number is the average number of individuals infected by an infected individual, if…arrow_forwardFrom: "Why our flu vaccines can't keep up" In a population with herd immunity... O The virus spreads, but the symptoms it produces are mild. O The virus spreads, but the symptoms it produces are short-lived. O The virus does not spread because there are too few hosts to maintain the virus population. O The virus does not spread because the hosts move, or migrate, too quickly from one area to another.arrow_forwardWhat is antigenic shift? What is antigenic drift?arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast antigenic variation and phase variation.arrow_forwardComplete the following analogy, based on the comparisons made in the reading: "Why our flu vaccines can't keep up": Birds : Storm : Flu virus : Antigenic shift O Evolution Human immune response O Mutationarrow_forwardComplete the following analogy, based on tne comparisons made in the reading: "Why our flu vaccines can't keep up": Birds : Storm : Flu virus : O Antigenic shift O Evolution Human immnune response O Mutationarrow_forward
- What are the two complex properties of immunogenicity?arrow_forwardDescribe the concept of herd immunity, and explain how vaccinationcontributes to its development in a community.arrow_forwardDescribe the pathogen that causes “The Flu”. What happens you get the flu and how did you most likely acquire it. Explain how the causal pathogen is different from many other pathogens in terms of why it can cause epidemics and pandemics and why you need an annual vaccine. Define the terms antigenic shift and antigenic drift and explain how they are related to this disease.arrow_forward
- Why is it necessary for herd immunity to be high in a population?arrow_forwardHow can serological testing be used to study the long-term immunity and antibody responses in individuals who have been infected with emerging viral diseases, such as COVID-19, and how can this knowledge inform public health strategies, such as vaccination campaigns and disease surveillance?arrow_forwardEnumerate and discuss the concept of antigenicityarrow_forward
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