Chapter 25, Problem 76SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Radioactive decay series needs to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Radioactive elements are the elements that having an unstable nucleus and emit particles during decay. It is a series of emission that has a sequence decay of alpha and beta particles and this is known as radioactive decay series.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Charged particle accelerator needs to be described.

Concept introduction:

In a lot of research work beams with charged particle are required. And for this electron and protons should be accelerated to high energies. Charged particle accelerator can accelerate them to high energies in order to fill up the demand described above.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Neutron to proton ratio needs to be defined.

Concept introduction:

The phenomenon of radioactivity is based on unstable nucleus emitting particles like alpha and beta which is known as decaying of elements. The number of protons and the number of neutron ratio can decide whether or not the element is radioactive.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The mass and energy relationship needs to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Each of the matter that has a mass will definitely have a nearly equal amount of energy inside this. So, they are directly related to each other and can be written as $E=m{c}^{{}^2}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Background radiation needs to be defined.

Concept introduction:

Radioactive elements are the elements that having an unstable nucleus and emit particles during decay. But background radiation is those which are present in the environment and are not due to introduced one.