Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Origin of life or abiogenesis is defined as the natural process by which life starts from the non-living matter. In early earth, there was very less amount of oxygen. Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen were present in the atomic form. Hydrogen was present in a very higher amount than oxygen.
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Students have asked these similar questions
According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of
the following is NOT true about the
evolution of life on earth?
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes appeared at
about the same time and evolved
independently from each other.
O None of the other four answers (all are true
statements)
Eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic
prokaryotes living inside other prokaryotes
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are in some
ways similar to prokaryotes
The first life on earth was simple organisms,
similar to today's prokaryotes
An endosymbiont is any organism that lives within the body or cells of another
organism. Each would have performed mutually benefiting functions from their
symbirie relationship. Why are the mitochondria considered an endosybiont in an
eukaryotic cell ?
They have two membranes
have DNA sequences that indicate origin from the alpha- prroteobacteria
has a means for using oxygen and create ATP
can break down glucose for energy
O They contain hydrolytic enzymes
Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?
O 1) viruses: infect plants, animals, algae, protozoans, and bacteria
O 2) protozoa: multicellular organisms
3) prokaryotes: circular DNA genomes
O 4) algae: important ecological sink for CO2
O 5) fungi: saprophytic
Chapter 25 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 25.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 25.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 25.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In changing from an "RNA world"...Ch. 25.2 - Describe an example from the fossil record that...Ch. 25.2 - WHAT IF? Your measurements indicate that a...Ch. 25.3 - The first appearance of free oxygen in the...Ch. 25.3 - What evidence supports the hypothesis that...Ch. 25.3 - WHAT IF? What would a fossil record of life today...Ch. 25.4 - Explain the consequences of plate tectonics for...Ch. 25.4 - What factors promote adaptive radiations?
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.5 - Explain how new body forms can originate by...Ch. 25.5 - Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.6 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25 - Describe the roles that montmorillonite clay and...Ch. 25 - What are the challenges of estimating the ages of...Ch. 25 - What is the "Cambrian explosion," and why is it...Ch. 25 - Explain how the broad evolutionary changes seen in...Ch. 25 - How could changes in a Single gene or DNA region...Ch. 25 - Explain the reasoning behind the Statement...Ch. 25 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. Fossilized...Ch. 25 - The oxygen revolution changed Earth's environment...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 25 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe how gene flow,...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 25 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION You have seen...Ch. 25 - Prob. 11TYU
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Similar questions
- Many antibiotics are produced by fungi. What is the evolutionary advantage of producing compounds to inhibit the growth of bacteria? Select one: cross out O a. There is no advantage; it is a byproduct of their extracellular digestion cross out O b. Bacteria are a main source of nutrition for fungi cross out O C. To reduce competition in the surrounding soil cross out O d. To attract other organisms to the soil Clear my choicearrow_forwardAccording to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey as illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, except: Endosymbiosis in a nutshell: 1. Start with two 2. One bacterium engulfs the other. 3. One bacterium now lives inside the other. independent bacteria. 4. Both bacteria benefit from the arrangement. 5. The internal bacteria are passed on from generation to generation. O a they each have a double membrane they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host they are the size of bacteria their DNA is different from its hostarrow_forwardThe extra energy required for the evolution of the highly complex eukaryotic cell was possible because: a) mesosomes released enzymes into the nucleus b) two types of prokaryotic bacteria became endo symbiotic invaders of the complex cells c) the DNA of the eukaryote cell functions within the nucleoid area d) chloroplasts were able to use O2 to conduct photosynthesis e) the space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane contained mitochondriaarrow_forward
- Does the following phylogenetic tree provide evidence to support or refute the endosymbiosis hypothesis? Briefly explain your choice (1-2 sentences) Bacteria a-Proteobacteria Mitochondria Archaea Eukarya Excavata Discicristata Alveolata Stramenopila Rhizaria Plantae Opisthokonta Amoebozoaarrow_forwardENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY is the evolution theory that includes a larger and one smaller cell. The larger cell act as a host and the smaller cell is called the endosymbiont that is engulfed by the host cell. The larger cell referred to eukaryotic cell and the smaller cell represent prokaryotic cell. While BIOCHEMISTRY, is the study of the chemistry of cells and organisms. Thus, it is concerned with the types of molecules found in biological systems, their structure, and their chemical properties. QUESTIONS: Relate how this theory (ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY) can applies to this course subject (BIOCHEMISTRY)? Note: Answer properly, make a connection how theory can ber applied to the subject.arrow_forwardBacteriorhodopsin, and retinal, are part of a transmembrane complex that uses of sunlight to create a proton gradient, for synthesis of ATP from ADP, in which of the following organisms? one of the members of the Archaeobacterial kingdom one of the members of the Eubacterial kingdom (ancestral to the mitochondria) one of the members of the Animal kingdom one of the members of the Eubacterial kingdom (ancestral to the chloroplasts) one of the members of the Plant kingdomarrow_forward
- 1) Name and give a brief account of the theory that explains the evolution of Eukaryotic cells from Prokaryotic cells. 2) Explain the reactions that occur to form polysaccharides, using starch as an example. 3) What do enzymes do? What are their main structural features? Give an example of a biological enzyme. 4) Describe the structure of fats and lipids. Why are some solid at room temperature whereas others, particularly from plants, are liquid? Briefly describe the structure of an animal cell. What are the main differences between animal and plant cells? Briefly outline the steps involved in the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cellsarrow_forwardWhich of the following provide evidence for an endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts? Choose all the correct statements. Group of answer choices They are about the same size as free-living cyanobacteria and alpha proteobacteria. The nuclear membrane of eukaryotes is similar to the archaean cell membrane. Organelle genes are often more similar to bacterial genes than those of their eukaryotic host. These organelles have their own circular genomic DNA.arrow_forwardWHICH ORGANISM CAN MOST LIKELY BE CLASSIFIED IN THE DOMAIN BACTERIA? Required to answer. Multiple choice. A predatory organism that depends on hunting plant eaters for food a multicellular organism that reproduces via sores and gets food from a dead log a photosynthetic organism that undergoes sexual reproduction and produces seeds in a cone A unicellular organism that has a simple structure and is commonly found in the intestinesarrow_forward
- When do bacteria form endospores? a-when they get ready to reproduce b-when environmental conditions become unfavorable c-when they get ready to carry out conjugation d-when they carry out photosynthesisarrow_forwardThis single-celled or multicelled eukaryotic consumer breaks down material outside itself, then absorbs nutrients released from the breakdown. - This single-celled or multicelled eukaryotic consumer breaks down material outside itself, then absorbs nutrients released from the breakdown. Select bacteria as your answer bacteria Select protists as your answer protists Select animals as your answer animals Select fungi as your answer fungiarrow_forwardHow does the emergence of endosymbiotic theory change the way humans view microorganisms? Will people be comfortable imagining that the life functions of plants and animals, including their own, are actually dependent on the coexistence of many different microscopic pieces? This question is not answered yetarrow_forward
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