Chapter 25, Problem 4APSA

To determine

Introduction:

Net Operating Income:

An income generated from the revenue of the business after deduction all operating expenses of the business refers to net operating income. In other words, net operating income is the difference between the revenue generated and expenses that are directly incurred for the revenue generation of the business. Net Operating income is the key indicator of the profitability and financial soundness of the company.

Payment of interest, taxes, depreciation expense, expenses of amortization are excluded for the calculation of Net Operating Income.

To prepare:

The three-column comparative income statement of Jones manufacturers that shows the operating income without the special order, income received from new business and income from normal business and new business.

Answer to Problem 4APSA

Solution:

Explanation of Solution

Net Operating Income is calculated by using the formula:

$NetOperatingIncome=Revenues-OperatingExpenses$

An operating expenses includes cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses.

Step-1:

Calculation of net operating income without special order:

Revenue:

Given,

Sales unit=400,000 packages

Cost per package=$6

Therefore the revenue from sales for Jones Manufacturers will be $400,000*\$6=\$2,400,000$

Revenue for Jones Manufacturers without special order: $2,400,000

Expenses:

Given,

1. Direct Materials: $\$576,000$

2. Direct Labor: $\$144,000$

3. Overhead: $\$320,000$

$\begin{array}{l}FixedOverhead:25\%onOverheadi.e.25\%on\$320,000=\$80,000\\ VariableOverhead:75\%onOverheadi.e.75\%on\$320,000=\$240,000\end{array}$

4. Selling Expenses: $\$150,000$

5. Administrative Expenses: $\$100,000$

Total expenses of Jones Manufacturers:

$\$576,000+\$144,000+\$80,000+\$240,000+\$150,000+\$100,000=\$1,290,000$

Net Operating Income for Jones Manufacturers without special order:

$\$2,400,000-\$1,290,000=\$1,110,000$

Step-2:

Calculation of net operating income from new business:

Revenue:

Given,

Sales Units: 50,000 Packages

Cost Per Package: $5.20

Therefore the revenue from sales for Jones Manufacturers will be $50,000*\$5.20=\$260,000$

Revenue for Jones Manufacturers from new business: $260,000

Expenses:

1. Direct Materials:

Given,

Direct Materials for 400,000 units: $576,000

So Direct Materials for 50,000 units is:

$50,000*576,000/400,000=\$72,000$

Note: Direct Materials are 100% Variable.

2. Direct Labor

Direct Labor for 400,000 units: $\$144,000$

Direct Labor cost per unit: $\$144,000/400,000=0.36$

Given Direct Labor costs per unit for additional units would be 50% higher than usual labor rate.

Direct Labor costs per unit for 50,000 units will be $0.54i.e.\left(0.36+0.36*50\%\right)$

So Direct Labor for new business 50,000 units is:

$50,000*0.54=\$27,000$

3. Overhead:

Fixed Overhead: There is no additional fixed costs incurred in new business. Fixed Costs are fixed at 25% from 350,000 t0 500,000 units.

Variable Overhead for 400,000 units: 75% on Overhead i.e. $75\%on\$320,000=\$240,000$

So Variable Overhead for 50,000 units:

$50,000*240,000/400,000=\$30,000$

4. Selling Expenses:

There is no additional selling expenses for accepting the new business.

5. Administrative Expenses:

Given that new business would increase administrative expenses by $5,000 fixed amount.

Total expenses of Jones Manufacturers:

$\$72,000+\$27,000+\$30,000+\$5,000=\$134,000$

Net Operating Income for Jones Manufacturers from new business:

$\$260,000-\$134,000=\$126,000$

Step-3:

Calculation of net operating income from normal business and new business:

Revenue:

Given,

Sales Units in normal business: 400,000 Packages

Cost Per Package: $6

Sales Units in new business: 50,000

Cost Per Package: $5.20

Therefore the revenue from sales for Jones Manufacturers will be $400,000*\$6+50,000*\$5.20=\$2,400,000+\$260,000=\$2,660,000$

Revenue for Jones Manufacturers from normal and new business: $\$2,660,000$

Expenses:

1. Direct Materials:

Given,

Direct Material for normal business: $\$576,000$

So Direct Materials for new business 50,000 units is:

$50,000*576,000/400,000=\$72,000$

Therefore Direct Materials for both normal and new business:

$576,000+$72,000=$648,000

2. Direct Labor

Direct Labor for normal business 400,000 units: $\$144,000$

So Direct Labor for new business 50,000 units is: $\$27,000$

Therefore Direct Labor for normal and new business:

$\$144,000+\$27,000=\$171,000$

3. Overhead:

Overhead for normal business 400,000 units: $\$320,000$

Fixed Overhead:

Fixed Overhead for normal business is 25% of total overhead: $80,000

Fixed Overhead for new business: There is no additional fixed costs incurred in new business. Fixed Costs are fixed at 25% from 350,000 t0 500,000 units.

Therefore Fixed Overhead for both normal and new business is:

$\$80,000+\$0=\$80,000$

Variable Overhead:

Variable Overhead for normal business 400,000 units: 75% on Overhead i.e. 75% on $320,000= $240,000

Variable Overhead for new business 50,000 units:

$50,000*240,000/400,000=\$30,000$

Therefore Variable Overhead for normal and new business:

$\$240,000+\$30,000=\$270,000$

4. Selling Expenses:

Selling Expenses for normal business 400,000 units: $\$150,000$

Selling Expenses for new business 50,000 units: $0

Therefore the selling expenses for normal and new business:

$\$150,000+\$0=\$150,000$

5. Administrative Expenses:

Administrative Expenses for normal business 400,000 units: $\$100,000$

Administrative Expenses for new business 50,000 units: $\$5,000$

Therefore Administrative Expenses for normal and new business:

$\$100,000+\$5,000=\$105,000$

Total expenses of Jones Manufacturers:

$\$648,000+\$171,000+\$80,000+\$270,000+\$150,000+\$105,000=\$1,424,000$

Net Operating Income for Jones Manufacturers from normal and new business:

$\$2,660,000-\$1,424,000=\$1,236,000$

Conclusion

Hence from the comparative income statement of Jones manufactures, the net operating income for its normal and new business is $\$1,236,000$.