WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIO W/PHYSIO
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781319421670
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 25, Problem 3MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Hormones are a chemical means by which the organism controls its various activities.
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A hormone differs from a neurotransmitter in thata. hormones act extracellularly, whereas neurotransmitters act withinthe cell that synthesized them.b. hormones are released only by neurons, whereas neurotransmittersare released by many different types of cells.c. hormones cause only fast responses (seconds or less) to stimuli,whereas neurotransmitters cause slow responses (minutes to hours)to stimuli.d. hormones affect only epithelial cells, whereas neurotransmittersaffect only muscle cells.e. hormones are released into the bloodstream and can activate manycells in many parts of the body, whereas neurotransmitters arereleased by neurons and affect adjacent cells.
In general, when do hormones produce "organizing” effects?
a. temporarily at any time in life
b. whenever the levels of some other hormone have decreased
c. during early stages in development
d. during adulthood
Movement of the head is detected by and communicated to the brain by which system?
a. Facial system
b. Auditory system
c. Cranial system
d. Vestibular system
What happens when an agonist, instead of the endogenous (natural) hormone, binds to the hormone receptors of a target cell?
a.
The agonist blocks any response in the target cell
b.
Transcription factors are blocked from binding to the promotor region
c.
An antagonist is necessary to remove the agonist
d.
The cell responds by producing its own hormone
e.
The agonist has the same effect as the endogenous hormone
Chapter 25 Solutions
WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIO W/PHYSIO
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- What casuses a cell to be sensative to particular hormone? A. all cells are exposed to the endocrine signals so they are all sensivtive to it B.the presense of receptors for that hormone c. the shorter the distance between the source cell and the target cell, the more sensitive the target cell is to the hormone.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of the hormone erythropoietin? a. stimulates production of red blood cells b. stimulates muscle growth c. causes the fight-or-flight response d. causes testosterone productionarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes hormones? a. Hormones are relatively unstable and work only in the area adjacent to the gland that produced them. b. Hormones are long-lasting chemicals released from glands. c. All hormones are lipid-soluble. d. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the environment.arrow_forward
- Which of the following correctly describes the functions of the endocrine system? a. Transport of blood through the body and through the lungs b. Regulation of body functions through hormone secretion c. Regulation of body functions through nerve impulses d. Immunity and returning extra tissue fluid to the blood vesselsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements comparing the endocrine system and the nervous system is false? a. The endocrine system can reach almost all living cells. b. The endocrine system and the nervous system never interact with each other. c. Nervous system control is faster than endocrine control. d. Both systems can be considered as systems of communication.arrow_forwardWhich is the defining feature of hormones?a. They are only produced in endocrine glands.b. They are secreted into the blood, where they may reach one or moretypes of distant target cells, thereby altering cell function throughoutthe body. c. They are released only by neurons.d. They are never released by neurons.e. They are secreted into ducts, where they diffuse to another nearbygland or other structure.arrow_forward
- Which of these homeostatic mechanisms in the body are examplesof positive feedback, and which are examples of negative feedback?Why?a. The adrenal glands produce epinephrine in response to a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in times of stress; the pituitary gland senses the epinephrine in the blood and stopsproducing the hormone.b. As the bladder fills with urine, pressure sensors send messagesto the brain with increasing frequency, signaling that the bladdermust be emptied. The more the bladder fills, the more messagesare sent.c. When you drink an excess of water, specialized cells in yourbrain, as well as stretch receptors in your heart, detect theincrease in blood volume. Both signals are transmitted to thekidneys, which increase the production of urine.arrow_forwardwhich of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following hormones does not have intracellular receptors? a. Estrogens b. Cortisol c. Insulin d. Epinephrine e. T3 Gs proteins serve as transducers in the action of: a. Testosterone b. PRL c. GH d. TSHarrow_forward
- If a cell were to have an unusually large response to cortisol, what effect would you expect to see? A. The cell would stop all protein synthesis. B. The cell would activate many kinases in the cytoplasm. C. The cell would greatly alter the mRNA being produced. D. There would be extensive changes to protein translation. E. Most G-proteins would become activated. F. Both B & E are correct. G. Both C & D are correctarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of positive feedback? Select one: a. Insulin stimulates cells to absorb glucose, which inhibits the release of insulin. b. Oxytocin causes uterine contractions during childbirth, which causes more oxytocin to be released from the posterior pituitary. c. The release of thyroxine from the thyroid causes the anterior pituitary to stop releasing TSH. d. When calcitonin from the thyroid causes blood calcium levels to decrease, PTH is released from the parathyroid to increase blood calcium levels.arrow_forwardA small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing itsactivation. What direct effect will this have on signalingthat involves cAMP?a. The hormone will not be able to bind to thehormone receptor.b. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated.c. Excessive quantities of cAMP will be produced.d. The phosphorylation cascade will be initiated.arrow_forward
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