Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 25.4CR
Explain how the broad evolutionary changes seen in the fossil record are the cumulative result of
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 25.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 25.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 25.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In changing from an "RNA world"...Ch. 25.2 - Describe an example from the fossil record that...Ch. 25.2 - WHAT IF? Your measurements indicate that a...Ch. 25.3 - The first appearance of free oxygen in the...Ch. 25.3 - What evidence supports the hypothesis that...Ch. 25.3 - WHAT IF? What would a fossil record of life today...Ch. 25.4 - Explain the consequences of plate tectonics for...Ch. 25.4 - What factors promote adaptive radiations?
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.5 - Explain how new body forms can originate by...Ch. 25.5 - Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a...Ch. 25.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Given that changes in morphology...Ch. 25.6 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25 - Describe the roles that montmorillonite clay and...Ch. 25 - What are the challenges of estimating the ages of...Ch. 25 - What is the "Cambrian explosion," and why is it...Ch. 25 - Explain how the broad evolutionary changes seen in...Ch. 25 - How could changes in a Single gene or DNA region...Ch. 25 - Explain the reasoning behind the Statement...Ch. 25 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. Fossilized...Ch. 25 - The oxygen revolution changed Earth's environment...Ch. 25 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 25 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 25 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 25 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe how gene flow,...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 25 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION You have seen...Ch. 25 - Prob. 11TYU
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- It is known that it takes very long periods of time for new species to develop, and yet the fossil record for many organisms is characterized by long periods of Stasis (no change) followed by short bursts of intense Speciation (the disappearance of one species followed by the appearance of a new species). Thus in the fossil record, organisms seem to stay the same for long periods of time followed by a “sudden” change in the organisms (sudden with respect to evolution and geology). In other words, it appears that new species evolve suddenly as opposed to over long periods of time. The Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium helps to explain these seemingly contradictory occurrences in the fossil record. Discuss how Punctuated Equilibrium works (think about small offshoot populations that break off from the main population) and how it can explain the fossil record evidence. (Be sure to include information about why fossils of the offshoot population would be rare.)arrow_forwardDefine the term extinct. Also explain the phenomenon of mass extinction.arrow_forwardDiscuss the pace of evolution by describing punctuated equilibriumand phyletic gradualism.arrow_forward
- According to the punctuated equilibrium model, (a) populations slowly diverge from one another (b) the evolution of species occurs in spurts interspersed with long periods of stasis (c) evolutionary novelties originate from preadaptations (d) reproductive isolating mechanisms restrict gene flow between species (e) the fossil record, being incomplete, does not accurately reflect evolution as it actually occurredarrow_forwardDescribe a scientific hypothesis to explain the mass extinction of dinosaurs and many other organisms at the end of the Cretaceous Period.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term “intermediate fossil” when referring to the fossil record?arrow_forward
- Among the descendants of the ancestor common to lineages A and B, how many total extinction events have occurred in the past 1 million years?arrow_forwardClade A began diversifying 20 million years ago. There are 33 living species in Clade A and 6 species have gone extinct. Clade B began diversifying 10 million years ago. It has 14 living species and 5 species in Clade B have gone extinct. CALCULATE SPECIATION, EXTINCTION AND NET DIVERSIFICATION RATE (to the nearest 2 decimal places) TO DETERMINE WHETHER NET DIVERSIFICATION DIFFERS BETWEEN THE TWO CLADES. Clade B has higher net diversification because despite having a higher extinction rate, it also has a higher speciation rate compared with Clade A. Clade A has higher net diversification because despite having a lower speciation rate, it also has a lower extinction rate compared with Clade B. Clade A has higher net diversification because it has both a higher speciation rate and a lower extinction rate than Clade B. Clades A and B have the same net diversification; Clade A has a higher speciation rate, but Clade B has a lower extinction rate. Clades A and B have the same net…arrow_forwardShows how modern organisms descended from common ancestors Structures that do not serve a function and are similar to those found in earlier organisms 1. Transitional Species Compares the age of fossils to each other based on the layers of rock they are found in 2. Vestigial structure 3. Fossil Record 4. Relative Dating Evidence of gradual change between a new species and its ancestor 5. Radiometric Dating Structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor 6. Homologous Structures uses radioactive elements to narrow down the age of a fossil to a specific periodarrow_forward
- Regarding data from the fossil record, morphological change in the same direction over time (e.g., body size increase) in all lineages of a clade indicates a/an: O no evolutionary trend average evolutionary trend O active evolutionary trend O passive evolutionary trend O negative evolutionary trendarrow_forwardIn a phylogenetic analysis of several bird species, a researcher uses a species of reptile as an outgroup. Which of the following is the main reason for including an outgroup in the analysis? To identify ancestral traits shared by the bird species To determine the overall genetic diversity of the bird species To establish a new monophyletic group including both bird and reptile species To analyze the convergent evolution of bird and reptile speciesarrow_forwardThe Andes are the longest continental mountain range in the planet and influence the biogeography of many species. Which of the following best characterizes the Andes: Directly influenced the diversification of marsupials Forced long-distance dispersal A major vicariance element Led to events of adaptive radiationsarrow_forward
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