(a) Interpretation: The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted. Concept introduction: A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br · radical. Br · radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

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A mixture of 0.412 M C12, 0.544 M F2, and 0.843 M CIF is enclosed in a vessel and heated to 2500 K. C12(g) + F2(g )2CIF(g) Kc = 20.0 at 2500 K Calculate the equilibrium concentration of each gas at 2500 K. [C12] = M [F2] = M [ CIF] =

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.20P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

A hydrogen halide adds across the double bond of an alkene in the presence of peroxide; the H atom adds to the more substituted C, and the halide atom adds to the less substituted one. This is an anti-Markovnikov addition. HBr and peroxide are sources of Br· radical. Br· radical adds to the alkene via radical addition, and the resulting alkyl radical abstracts a H atom from HBr, yielding the overall product. The more substituted alkyl radical forms C-H bond. Thus, the addition is anti-Markovnikov addition.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.1P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.2P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.3P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.4P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.5P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.6P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.7P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.8P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.9P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.10P

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Chapter 25 Solutions