Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 24, Problem 9RQ
Summary Introduction
To make: A cladogram including the following fish groups: chimaeras, sturgeons, sharks, salmon, lampreys, and hagfishes. Also add the synapomorphies: claspers, vertebrae, keratinized teeth, jaws, fins with stout bones, and endochondral bone.
Introduction: Around 550 million years ago (mya), that is in the early Paleozoic era, the fishes have appeared first. The fishes approximately comprise around half of 64,000 vertebrate species. Among the living groups of fishes, the five main groups include cartilaginous, lobe-finned, ray-finned fishes, lampreys, and hagfishes.
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Draw a cladogram for the animals: Amphioxus; Lamprey; an osteostracan( derived ostracoderm); Reef shark;African lungfish and cichlid ( teleost fish)
and label the cladogram with the following clades and characters
Clade:Chordata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Chondrichthyes 5. Osteichthyes (bony fishes); Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Characters: Notochord; Muscular pharynx; Dermal bone; Pectoral fins • Jaw; Pelvic fins; Endochondral bone; Lobed fins and 7 clusters of Hox genes
Make a phylogenetic tree about: Amphioxus; Lamprey; an osteostracan( derived ostracoderm); Reef shark;African lungfish and cichlid ( teleost fish)
and label the cladogram with the following clades and characters
Clade:Chordata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Chondrichthyes 5. Osteichthyes (bony fishes); Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Characters: Notochord; Muscular pharynx; Dermal bone; Pectoral fins • Jaw; Pelvic fins; Endochondral bone; Lobed fins and 7 clusters of Hox genes
Amphioxus; Lamprey; an osteostracan( derived ostracoderm); Reef shark;African lungfish and cichlid ( teleost fish)
and label the cladogram with the following clades and characters
Clade:Chordata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Chondrichthyes 5. Osteichthyes (bony fishes); Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Characters: Notochord; Muscular pharynx; Dermal bone; Pectoral fins • Jaw; Pelvic fins; Endochondral bone;…
Through the phylogenetic tree of major groups of vertebrates provided below, answer the given table by numbering and naming each node in the diagram. Then list the names of each group and write down the shared characteristic(s) of it. You may add more rows if needed.
Node Number (e.g. 1 - Gnasthostomata)
Animal Group 1
Animal Group 2
Shared Characteristics of Animal Group 1 & 2
Chapter 24 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1RQCh. 24 - What evidence suggests that hagfishes and lampreys...Ch. 24 - Describe feeding behavior in hagfishes and...Ch. 24 - Describe the life cycle of sea lampreys,...Ch. 24 - In what ways are sharks well equipped for a...Ch. 24 - What function does the lateral-line system serve?...Ch. 24 - Explain how bony fishes differ from sharks and...Ch. 24 - Prob. 8RQCh. 24 - Prob. 9RQCh. 24 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 24 - Prob. 11RQCh. 24 - Explain how lungfishes are adapted to survive out...Ch. 24 - Describe the discoveries of living coelacanths....Ch. 24 - Compare the swimming movements of eels with those...Ch. 24 - Sharks and bony fishes approach or achieve neutral...Ch. 24 - Prob. 16RQCh. 24 - Prob. 17RQCh. 24 - Prob. 18RQCh. 24 - Prob. 19RQCh. 24 - Describe the life cycle of freshwater eels.Ch. 24 - Prob. 21RQCh. 24 - Prob. 22RQCh. 24 - Prob. 23RQCh. 24 - Prob. 1FFT
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- Hemichordates are a sister group to the chordates. This group contains organisms called acorn worms. They don’t have all of the chordate characteristics - just some. Question: Which ones are synapomorphies of the chordates and which ones are symplesiomorphies based on this cladogram?arrow_forwardThrough the phylogenetic tree of major groups of vertebrates provided below, answer the given table by numbering each node (the point where branches intersect) in the diagram. Then list the names of each group and write down the shared characteristic(s) of it. You may add more rows if needed. Node Number Animal Group 1 Animal Group 2 Animal Group 1&2 Shared Characteristicsarrow_forwardConsider the cladogram representing most of the major classes of animals. Consider the point A in the cladogram. What characteristic(s) might be used to separate fish from the other animals following in the cladogram? hale symmetnical ancestor O Endoskeleton O Non-terrestrial O Four legs or supports O The presence of scalesarrow_forward
- You are a scientist trying to determine the relationship between the organisms below. On a separate sheet of paper create a cladogram that represents how these animals are related. the words below in bold, must be used on your cladogram 1. Divide the animals into two groups depending on if they possess vertebrae. 2. Divide the vertebrates into groups according whether they have an amniotic egg or not. (Hint: keep the animals who give live birth with the amniotic egg animals.) 3. Divide those who have amniotic eggs according to the presence of an exoskeleton. 4. Divide those with endoskeleton according to whether or not they give live birth. 5. Divide those with live birth depending on if they possess opposable thumbs. 6. Return to your invertebrates. Divide them according to the presence of an exoskeleton. 7. Divide those with exoskeletons according to whether they possess wings. Owl Turtle Spider Butterfly Chimpanzee Octopus Toad Elephantarrow_forwardBased on the phylogenetic tree, which of the following two groups are most closely related to one another? Lampreys Cartilaginous fishes Ray-finned fishes Lobe-finned fishes Amphibians Mammals Snakes Turtles Crocodilians Birds Roy finned fichhec andlebo fi ed ficbesarrow_forward(6a) Please draw a phylogeny that shows relationships between the following groups: Haikouicthys Ostracoderms Chimaeras Hagfishes Lancelets Lampreys Placoderms Tunicates Sharks Bony Fishes (6b) Onto this phylogeny, please place the following traits. You may have a trait evolve more than once or be lost in some groups after evolving, but the final trait placements should correctly reflect which groups are known to have the trait in question Jaws Buccopharyngeal pumping Internal fertilization Mineralized tissue Pelvic claspers in males Hyostylic jaw articulation Lateral line system Cartilaginous endoskeleton Hox Gene Duplication Two nostrils (6c) For three of these traits, please explain how you arrived at this placement.arrow_forward
- Hagfish Salamander Lizard Perch Mouse Chimp Pigeon Feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails ungs Jaws Fig. 1. Cladogram on some vertebrates Related questions: 1. What is the synapomorhpy shared by the mouse and chimpanzee? Answer: 2. Specify the apomorphy of the pigeon. Answer: 3. Jaw is present to what taxa? Answer:arrow_forwardRegarding the phylogeny below: Monotremata Metatheria Rodentia Mammalia Theria Eutheria Primates Artiodactyla Carnivora Canidae Rodents are members of the Eutheria and Carnivora clades. Primates are members of the Eutheria and Mammalia clades. Felidae Monotremata are members of the Eutheria and Mammalia clades. Felidae are members are the Carnivora clade, but not the Theria clade.arrow_forwardMake a table separating the animals based on the physical properties such as: I. Presence or absence of a backbone II. Ability to breathe in air or water III. Cold or warm blooded IV. Carnivore, herbivore, or omnivore V. Presence or absence of hair/fur VI. Any other external structure such as horns After that, construct a phylogenetic tree (example is on the picture I uploaded)arrow_forward
- Reading a Phylogenetic Tree Use the tree below to answer the questions. A Cladogram Fig. 12.1 LANCELET LAMPREY GROUPER SALAMANDER TURTLE WOLF HAIR AMNIOTIC EGGS FOUR LEGGED LOCOMOTION JAW BONES VERTEBRAL COLUMN The lamprey and grouper represent a monophyletic group because they are both fish. True Falsearrow_forwardUse the cladogram to answer the following question. Cladograms are just one tool that scientists use to classify relationships between organisms. Hoglishes Sharks and Tunicales and lancelets | Lampreys Rayfinned fishes Lungfiches Salamanders lortoises Crocodilians Mammals Coelocanths Frogs ond Coeçilians loods lizards, snakes, rBirds Turtles and and luatara their relatives Endothermy Amniofic egg rue bone lungs Four Jows and paired appendages limbs Invertebrate anceslor Vertebroe Identify each statement that can be supported with evidence from the cladogram. Select ALL that applies. O A Ray-finned fish and sharks are similar in that they both have paired appendages and jaws. B. Amphibians are the first animals to have true bones. O C. Sharks were the first animals to have jaws. D. All the animals in this diagram are vertebrates. O E. Birds are more closely related to crocodiles than they are mammals. F. Lizards and birds produce amniotic eggs.arrow_forwardA 2015 article in Nature has summarized the early history of jawed vertebrates using highlights from recent discoveries and how they have changed our understanding of vertebrate evolution. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416133336.htm Question: Given these recent discoveries, how should the cladogram below change? Describe it. It will likely be helpful to reference a synapomorphy noted on the cladogram.arrow_forward
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