Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399920
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 32RQ
How would studying the chemical composition of only the largest, brightest, and most easily observed asteroids yield potentially misleading information about asteroids in general? Why is this called a selection effect?
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Consider an asteroid that orbits in a relatively circular orbit with a semimajor axis a = 2 au
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What is the evidence that suggests asteroids might have geologically active surfaces?
Chapter 24 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 24 - What is the difference between a meteoroid and an...Ch. 24 - What do Widmansttten patterns indicate about the...Ch. 24 - Why is it possible to acquire Moon rocks by...Ch. 24 - Prob. 4RQCh. 24 - Prob. 5RQCh. 24 - Prob. 6RQCh. 24 - Why do astronomers refer to carbonaceous...Ch. 24 - Prob. 8RQCh. 24 - Prob. 9RQCh. 24 - Of all the meteorites shown in Figure 24-2, which...
Ch. 24 - Meteorites were once part of which type of...Ch. 24 - Most sporadic meteors were once part of which...Ch. 24 - Meteors in showers were once part of which type of...Ch. 24 - Prob. 14RQCh. 24 - Prob. 15RQCh. 24 - Why do astronomers conclude that asteroids were...Ch. 24 - A fragment from the surface of a differentiated...Ch. 24 - What evidence indicates that the asteroids are...Ch. 24 - Prob. 19RQCh. 24 - Prob. 20RQCh. 24 - What evidence indicates that some asteroids once...Ch. 24 - How is the composition of meteorites related to...Ch. 24 - Prob. 23RQCh. 24 - Prob. 24RQCh. 24 - What is the difference between a centaur and a...Ch. 24 - What is the difference between a comets dust tail...Ch. 24 - What evidence indicates that a comets nucleus is...Ch. 24 - Why do most short-period comets have prograde...Ch. 24 - What are possible fates (or end-states) for...Ch. 24 - What are the hypotheses for how the bodies in the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 31RQCh. 24 - How would studying the chemical composition of...Ch. 24 - Assuming a night lasts 12 hours, how many total...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2PCh. 24 - If a single asteroid 1 km in diameter were to...Ch. 24 - If a trillion (1012) asteroids, each 1 km in...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5PCh. 24 - The asteroid Vesta has a mass of 2.6 1020 kg and...Ch. 24 - Prob. 7PCh. 24 - What is the maximum angular diameter of the dwarf...Ch. 24 - At what average distances from the Sun would you...Ch. 24 - Prob. 10PCh. 24 - If the velocity of the solar wind is about 4.0 ...Ch. 24 - What is the average distance of Comet Halley from...Ch. 24 - If you saw Comet Halley when the comet was 0.7 AU...Ch. 24 - What is the orbital period of a comet nucleus at...Ch. 24 - The mass of an average comets nucleus is about 1.0...Ch. 24 - Prob. 16PCh. 24 - Prob. 1SOPCh. 24 - Earth orbits 1 AU from the Sun, and the Oort cloud...Ch. 24 - Look at Figure 24-2d. Identify the chondrules by...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2LTLCh. 24 - Prob. 3LTLCh. 24 - Look at the images of Comet Mrkos on the left page...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5LTLCh. 24 - Prob. 6LTLCh. 24 - Prob. 7LTL
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- The mass of the asteroids is found mostly in the larger asteroids, so to estimate the total mass we need to consider only the larger objects. Suppose the three largest asteroids-Ceres (1000 km in diameter), Pallas (500 km in diameter), and Vesta (500 km in diameter)-account for half the total mass. Assume that each of these three asteroids has a density of 3 g/cm3 and calculate their total mass. Multiply your result by 2 to obtain an estimate for the mass of the total asteroid belt. How does this compare with the mass of the Oort cloud?arrow_forwardWhy do astronomers conclude that asteroids were never part of a full-sized planet?arrow_forwardWhat evidence indicates that some asteroids once had geologically active surfaces?arrow_forward
- Why do astronomers refer to carbonaceous chondrites as unmodified or primitive material?arrow_forwardGive at least two reasons today’s astronomers are so interested in the discovery of additional Earthapproaching asteroids.arrow_forwardAt what average distances (in AU) from the Sun would you expect to find Kirkwood gaps where the orbital period of asteroids are respectively four-ninths, and two-fifths, of the orbital period of Jupiter? (Hint: use Kepler's third law.) inner gap at AU outer gap at AU Compare your results with the figure. 7:2 3:1 8,3 5;2 7:3 9:4 2;1 9:5 7:4 53 8:5 3:2 Resonances Gap Gap Gap Gap GapGap Gap Distance from sun (AU) O The results agree with the figure. O The results do not agree with the figure.arrow_forward
- Why do astronomers think the asteroids were never part of a full-sized planet?arrow_forwardThe asteroid Hygiea has a mass of 8.67 x 1019 kg and an average radius of about 216 km (2.16 x 102 km). What is its escape velocity (in m/s)? (Hints: Use the formula for escape velocity, 2GM ; remember to convert units to m, kg, and s.) r e m/s Could you jump off the asteroid? Yes No Need Help? Read It Submit Answerarrow_forwardAs of 2012, how many near-Earth asteroids, with sizes over 1km, had been discovered by the Spaceguard survey? a Only a few dozen b Nearly 1000 c Nearly 50,000 d About 500arrow_forward
- The asteroid Vesta has a mass of 2.59 x 1020 kg and an average radius of about 263 km (2.63 x 102 km). What is its escape velocity (in m/s)? (Hints: Use the formula for escape velocity, V. = 2GM -; remember to convert units to m, kg, and s.) m/s Could you jump off the asteroid? O Yes O Noarrow_forwardThe Tunguska asteroid is estimated to have had a diameter of 50 m, and to have produced an explosion equivalent to 10 megatons of TNT (1 megaton = 4.2 x 1015 joules). Assume that the asteroid was a sphere with density 2 g/cm3. Using the kinetic energy formula K = ½ mv2, where m is the mass and v is the speed, to estimate the speed of the asteroid. Assume that all kinetic energy is converted into the energy of the explosion. Give your answer in km/s with one significant figure.arrow_forwardWe believe that chains of comet fragments like Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9’s have collided not only with the jovian planets, but occasionally with their moons. What sort of features would you look for on the outer planet moons to find evidence of such collisions? (As an extra bonus, can you find any images of such features on a moon like Callisto? You can use an online site of planetary images, such as the Planetary Photojournal, at photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov.)arrow_forward
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