University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321973610
Author: Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 24.75PP
Suppose that the change in Vm was caused by the entry of Ca2+ instead of Na+. How many Ca2+ ions would have to enter the cell per unit membrane to produce the change? (a) Half as many as for Na+; (b) the same as for Na+; (c) twice as many as for Na+; (d) cannot say without knowing the inside and outside concentrations of Ca2+.
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12. (a) Using Eq. AQ=CAV and the data in the Table, calculate the number of ions entering the axon during
the action potential, per meter of nonmyelinated axon length. (The charge on the ion is 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb.)
(b) During the resting state of the axon, typical concentrations of sodium and potassium ions inside the axon
are 15 and 150 millimole/liter, respectively. From the data in the Table, calculate the number of ions per
meter length of the axon.
Table 13.1 Properties of Sample Axons
Hint:
1 F (farad) = 1coulomb/1 volt
Property
Nonmyelinated axon
Myelinated axon
Axon radius
5 x 10-m
5 x 10-6 m
1 mole /liter = 6.02 x 1020 particles (ions, atoms, etc. ) Resistance per unit length of fluid
cm
6.37 x 10°2/m
6.37 x 10°2/m
both inside and outside axon (r)
Conductivity per unit length of
axon membrane (gm)
1.25 x 10-4 mho/m
In the resting state, the axon voltage is -70mV.
During the pulse, the voltage changes to about
+30mV, resulting in a net voltage change across
the membrane of 100…
What is the magnitude of the electric field in unite of N/C across an axon membrane (1.00x10^0)x10-8 m thick if the resting potential is -(7.400x10^1) mV?
The velocity of spike propagation is proportional to the following combination of factors:
1
a
C, V R„R,
m
Where a is the radius of the axon, Rm and R; are specific resistances of the membrane and the
internal buffer, respectively. If we double the radius and simultaneously increase the concentration
of salt inside the axon twice (i.e. R; decreases two times), by how many fold will the velocity
change?
Chapter 24 Solutions
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - A capacitor has vacuum in the space between the...Ch. 24.2 - You want to connect a 4-F capacitor and an 8-F...Ch. 24.3 - You want to connect a 4-F capacitor and an 8-F...Ch. 24.4 - The space between the plates of an isolated...Ch. 24.5 - A parallel-plate capacitor has charges Q and Q on...Ch. 24.6 - A single point charge q is embedded in a very...Ch. 24 - Equation (24.2) shows that the capacitance of a...Ch. 24 - Suppose several different parallel-plate...Ch. 24 - Suppose the two plates of a capacitor have...Ch. 24 - To store the maximum amount of energy in a...
Ch. 24 - In the parallel-plate capacitor of Fig. 24.2,...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor is charged by being...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor is charged by being...Ch. 24 - Two parallel-plate capacitors, identical except...Ch. 24 - The charged plates of a capacitor attract each...Ch. 24 - You have two capacitors and want to connect them...Ch. 24 - As shown in Table 24.1, water has a very large...Ch. 24 - Is dielectric strength the same thing as...Ch. 24 - A capacitor made of aluminum foil strips separated...Ch. 24 - Suppose you bring a slab of dielectric close to...Ch. 24 - The freshness of fish can be measured by placing a...Ch. 24 - Electrolytic capacitors use as their dielectric an...Ch. 24 - In terms of the dielectric constant K, what...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor is connected to a power...Ch. 24 - Liquid dielectrics that have polar molecules (such...Ch. 24 - A conductor is an extreme case of a dielectric,...Ch. 24 - The two plates of a capacitor are given charges Q....Ch. 24 - The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor are 2.50...Ch. 24 - The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor are 3.28...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate air capacitor of capacitance 245...Ch. 24 - Cathode-ray-tube oscilloscopes have parallel metal...Ch. 24 - A 10.0-F parallel-plate capacitor with circular...Ch. 24 - A 5.00-F parallel-plate capacitor is connected to...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate air capacitor is to store charge...Ch. 24 - A 5.00-pF, parallel-plate, air-filled capacitor...Ch. 24 - A capacitor is made from two hollow, coaxial, iron...Ch. 24 - A cylindrical capacitor consists of a solid inner...Ch. 24 - A spherical capacitor contains a charge of 3.30 nC...Ch. 24 - A cylindrical capacitor has an inner conductor of...Ch. 24 - A spherical capacitor is formed from two...Ch. 24 - Figure E24.14 shows a system of four capacitors,...Ch. 24 - BIO Electric Eels. Electric eels and electric fish...Ch. 24 - For the system of capacitors shown in Fig. E24.16,...Ch. 24 - In Fig. E24.17, each capacitor has C = 4.00 F and...Ch. 24 - In Fig. 24.8a, let C1 = 3.00 F, C2 = 5.00F, and...Ch. 24 - In Fig. 24.9a, let C1 = 3.00 F, C2 = 5.00 F, and...Ch. 24 - In Fig. E24.20, C1 = 6.00 F, C2 = 3 00 F, and C3 =...Ch. 24 - For the system of capacitors shown in Fig. E24.21,...Ch. 24 - Suppose the 3-F capacitor in Fig. 24.10a were...Ch. 24 - 5.80-F, parallel-plate, air capacitor has a plate...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate air capacitor has a capacitance...Ch. 24 - An air capacitor is made from two flat parallel...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate vacuum capacitor has 8.38 J of...Ch. 24 - You have two identical capacitors and an external...Ch. 24 - For the capacitor net-work shown in Fig. E24.28,...Ch. 24 - For the capacitor net-work shown in Fig. E24.29,...Ch. 24 - A 0.350-m-long cylindrical capacitor consists of a...Ch. 24 - A cylindrical air capacitor of length 15.0 m...Ch. 24 - A capacitor is formed from two concentric...Ch. 24 - A 12.5-F capacitor is connected to a power supply...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor has capacitance C0 =...Ch. 24 - Two parallel plates have equal and opposite...Ch. 24 - A budding electronics hobbyist wants to make a...Ch. 24 - The dielectric to be used in a parallel-plate...Ch. 24 - BIO Potential in Human Cells. Some cell walls in...Ch. 24 - A constant potential difference of 12 v is...Ch. 24 - Polystyrene has dielectric constant 2.6 and...Ch. 24 - When a 360-nF air capacitor (1 nF = 109F) is...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor has capacitance C =...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor has the volume between...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor has plates with area...Ch. 24 - Electronic flash units for cameras contain a...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate air capacitor is made by using...Ch. 24 - In one type of computer keyboard, each key holds a...Ch. 24 - BIO Cell Membranes. Cell membranes (the walled...Ch. 24 - A 20.0-F capacitor is charged to a potential...Ch. 24 - In Fig. 24.9a, let C1 = 9.0 F, C2 = 4.0 F, and Vab...Ch. 24 - For the capacitor network shown in Fig. P24.51,...Ch. 24 - In Fig. E24.17, C1 = 6.00 F, C2 = 3.00 F, C3 =...Ch. 24 - In Fig. P24.53, C1 = C5 = 8.4 F and C2 = C3 = C4 =...Ch. 24 - Current materials-science technology allows...Ch. 24 - In Fig. E24.20, C1 = 3.00 F and Vab = 150 V. The...Ch. 24 - The capacitors in Fig. P24.56 are initially...Ch. 24 - Three capacitors having capacitances of 8.4, 8.4,...Ch. 24 - Capacitance of a Thundercloud. The charge center...Ch. 24 - In Fig. P24.59, each capacitance C1 is 6.9 F, and...Ch. 24 - Each combination of capacitors between points a...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor with only air between...Ch. 24 - An air capacitor is made by using two flat plates,...Ch. 24 - A potential difference Vab = 48.0 V is applied...Ch. 24 - CALC The inner cylinder of a long, cylindrical...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor has square plates that...Ch. 24 - A parallel-plate capacitor is made from two plates...Ch. 24 - Three square metal plates A, B, and C, each 12.0...Ch. 24 - A fuel gauge uses a capacitor to determine the...Ch. 24 - DATA Your electronics company has several...Ch. 24 - DATA You are designing capacitors for various...Ch. 24 - DATA You are conducting experiments with an...Ch. 24 - Two square conducting plates with sides of length...Ch. 24 - BIO THE ELECTRIC EGG. Upon fertilization, the eggs...Ch. 24 - Suppose that the egg has a diameter of 200 m. What...Ch. 24 - Suppose that the change in Vm was caused by the...Ch. 24 - What is the minimum amount of work that must be...
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