Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23.4, Problem 1CC
How can the Darwinian concept of descent with modification explain the evolution of such complex structures at the vertebrate eye?
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Regarding the evolution of the mammalian inner ear, the above diagram shows:A) the co-option of jaw bones (colored) for use in hearingB) the loss of jaw bones (colored) and the origin of de-novo hearing bones C) the evolution of synapsids, which have little to do with mammalian evolutionD) the results of a population bottleneck which led to the fixation of odd alleles for ear development
Which of the following best describes the evolution of smell in chordates?
A) Ancestrally, jawless fish had few ancestral scent genes that coded for receptors resembling a combination of water and air receptors. Subsequently these genes were duplicated and specialized through natural selection either for use in water or air.
B) Ancestrally, all olfactory receptors where specialized for water as the ancestor of all vertebrates was aquatic. Only once did olfactory genes become duplicated and specialized and this was in the transition to land for receptors that work in air.
C) All chordates share the same number of scent receptor genes. However, they have become variously deactivated through natural selection due to either unuse or a tradeoff for sight genes.
D) None of the above.
Eyes are often used in arguments for intelligent design because many consider this organ to be too complex to have evolved by chance alone. However, complex lensed eyes evolved independently both within cephalod mollusks and vertebrates including our own ancestor. In the evolution of these structures the corresponding phylogenies revealed that both:
A) were preceded by the evolution of 'simple' light sensing eyes, thus having adaptive intermediate evolutionary steps.
B) lacked intermediate evolutionary steps involving the evolution of 'simple' eyes.
C) had intermediate evolutionary steps, but ultimately the vertebrate eye had a superior 'design' without any kind of blind spot, relative to the simple invertebrate cephalopod eye.
D) were preceded by vestigial non-functional optic structures.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - Your measurements indicate that a fossilized skull...Ch. 23.1 - Describe an example from the fossil record that...Ch. 23.1 - WHAT IF? What might a fossil record of life today...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 23.2 - Explain the consequences of plate tectonics for...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.2 - What factors promote adaptive radiations?Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 23.3 - Explain how new body forms can originate by...Ch. 23.3 - Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a...
Ch. 23.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Given that changes in morphology...Ch. 23.4 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23 - Which factor most likely caused animals and plants...Ch. 23 - Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of...Ch. 23 - A researcher discovers a fossil of what appears to...Ch. 23 - A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to...Ch. 23 - A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish...Ch. 23 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Herbivory (plant eating) has...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Describe how gene flow, genetic...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION You have seen many examples...Ch. 23 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In 2010, the Soufriere...
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