HUMAN ANATOMY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260210262
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: RENT MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 23.4, Problem 1AWYK
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The autonomic respiratory rhythms and the effecting organs of the nervous system. Highlight the role of the effector organs that facilitate ventilation in the lungs.
Introduction:
Respiratory rhythms are involuntary in action. The rhythms make sure the continuous exchange of gases in the body alongside the oxidation of glucose or food. Autonomous refers to the processes which occur on their own and are not consciously controlled.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which one of the following statements about the afferent components of the respiratory control system is INCORRECT?
Select one:
a.
In order to stimulate hyperventilation the sympathetic nervous system tricks the carotid body by constricting the capillaries that serve glomus cells; reduced blood flow to the cell causes localised hypoxia triggering a compensatory hyperventilation response even before systemic hypoxia is apparent.
b.
In type 1 glomus cells of the carotid bodies, hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis trigger afferent signalling by inhibiting K+ channels, depolarising the cell membrane, and opening voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that trigger the release of neurotransmitters onto afferent glossopharyngeal nerve fibres.
c.
Chemoreceptor cells can be found in the carotid body.
d.
The glossopharyngeal nerve transmits afferent impulses from the carotid body to the ventral respiratory group of neurons.
which of the following would not be a characteristic of respiratory responses to parasympathetic dominance?
a. brochiodialation
b. increased bronchial tone
c. decreased breathing depth
d. reduced breathing rate
Neural output from the brain stem regulated breathing including respiratory rate and depth. In a patient with damage to the medulla oblongata and subsequently to the phrenic nerve, which of the following would be true?
a. the diaphragm may not be able to contract, resulting in respiratory arrest
b. the respiratory rate and depth would increase as signals from the pons would increase
c. the diaphragm will begin to contract on its own via autorhythmic cells
Chapter 23 Solutions
HUMAN ANATOMY
Ch. 23.1 - Answer the following questions to test your...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 23.2 - Answer the following questions to test your...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 23.3 - Prob. 9BYGO
Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 23.4 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 23.4 - Answer the following questions to test your...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 23.5 - In a certain criminal investigation, the...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 23.5 - Answer the following questions to test your...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.1.3AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.1.4AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.2.1AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.2.2AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.2.3AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.2.4AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.2.5AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.2.6AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.2.7AYLOCh. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2.9AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.2.10AYLOCh. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2.12AYLOCh. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.3.2AYLOCh. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.3.5AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.3.6AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.3.7AYLOCh. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.4.1AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.4.2AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.4.3AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.4.4AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.4.5AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.5.1AYLOCh. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.5.4AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 23.5.5AYLOCh. 23 - To test your knowledge, discuss the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.5.7AYLOCh. 23 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 23 - The intrinsic laryngeal muscles regulate speech by...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 23 - A deficiency of pulmonary surfactant is most...Ch. 23 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 23 - Which of the following are fewest in number but...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 23 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 23 - Prob. 1WWWTSCh. 23 - Prob. 2WWWTSCh. 23 - Prob. 3WWWTSCh. 23 - Prob. 4WWWTSCh. 23 - Prob. 5WWWTSCh. 23 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 23 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 23 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 23 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 23 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 23 - Discuss how the different functions of the...Ch. 23 - From the upper to the lower end of the trachea,...Ch. 23 - The bronchioles are to the airway and airflow what...Ch. 23 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 23 - Prob. 5TYC
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Although respiratory muscles are voluntary, you cannot hold your breath until you lose consciousness because your brain will force you to ventilate (= breathe) before then. Explain how the brain ‘knows’ when to stimulate ventilation. please help with examplesarrow_forwardWhen a patient has a severe allergic reaction, a common prescribed drug is epinephrine. Which of the follow best explains the effects of epinephrine on a patient experiencing a severe allergic reaction? A epinephrine binds to the beta-1 receptor. Activating the beta-1 receptor causes vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. Bronchoconstriction allows the patient to breath by relaxing the smooth muscle that is constricting the airway. B Epinephrine binds to the beta-2 receptor. Activating the beta-2 receptor causes vasodilation and bronchodilation. Bronchodilation allows the patient to breath easier by relaxing the smooth muscle that is constricting the airway. C Epinephrine binds to the alpha-1 receptor. Activating the alpha-1 receptor causes vasodilation and bronchodilation. Bronchodilation allows the patient to breath by relaxing the smooth muscle that is constricting the airway. D Epinephrine binds to the beta-1 receptor. Activating the beta-1 receptor causes vasodilation and…arrow_forwardIn the terminal ganglion associated with lung airway smooth muscle is damaged, what will be prevented from happening? norepinephrine release onto alpha receptors of the airway smooth muscle norepinephrine release onto beta receptors of the airway smooth muscle acetylcholine release onto nicotinic receptors of the airway smoo Muscle acetylcholine release onto muscarinicreceptors of the airway smoo Musclearrow_forward
- A respiratory chemoreceptor is a sensory receptor that transduces achemical signal into an action potential. Which of the following is FALSEabout the respiratory chemoreceptors? Explain the answer. a. The central chemoreceptor is located at the primary respiratory control in the brain.b. The peripheral chemoreceptors are at the lower airways of the respiratory zone.c. Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to increased carbon dioxide.d. Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to decreased oxygen levels.arrow_forwardHeart rate is controlled by the SA node, a patch of cells on the heart. Respiratory rate, on the other hand, is controlled by the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata. Why isn’t control of respiratory rate housed in the lungs themselves? (hint: think of muscles involved in each process.arrow_forwardA 48-year-old man, who engaged in regular physical exercise, went to see his physician because of recurrent headaches. Physical examination revealed that the patient had a mean heart rate of 55 beats/min. His physician noted that the patient's cardiac rhythm varied substantially with the phases of respiration; the heart rate increased during inspiration and decreased during expiration. QUESTION: What changes in cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activity take place during the respiratory cycle? QUESTION: Are the respiratory fluctuations in heart rate produced by the rhythmic changes in sympathetic activity, in parasympathetic activity, or both? The physician diagnosed this patient's headaches as migraine. He advised the patient to take propranolol, a ß-adrenergic receptor antagonist, to relieve the headaches. The physician noted that after the patient had taken the propranolol, the mean heart rate diminished very slightly, and the respiratory fluctuations in heart rate were not…arrow_forward
- You have both peripheral chemoreceptors (aortic arch and carotid bodies) and central chemoreceptors (medulla). You were informed earlier that the central chemoreceptors are the primary sensors for blood CO2. Both sets of chemoreceptors detect the concentration of H+ in blood or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Why do the central chemoreceptors detect blood PCO2 levels while the peripheral chemoreceptors are only sensitive to total blood H+ concentration?arrow_forwardNonspecific beta blockers (block both beta- 1 and beta -2 receptors) have been used as first-step antihypertensive agents. Because these agents block beta-2 as well as beta -1 receptors, bronchospasm may occur. Newer agents are beta-2 specific and are not contraindicated in asthmatic patients. Give some examples and your explanations for the benefits and risks associated with these medications.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is incorrect? a. a sudden increase in CO2 levels in the arterial blood will lead to an increase H+b. H+ freely cross the blood brain barrier equilibrating with H+ in the CSF c. H+ within the CSF act directly on central chemoreceptors to increase ventilation d. increases in ventilation will reduce arterial blood H+ e. a reduction in arterial blood H+ represents a relative alkalosisarrow_forward
- A 22-year old man was in a motorcycle accident with resultant neck injuries that led to partial paralysis of the upper and lower limbs. Almost immediately his chest felt heavy and he became dyspneic. His pulmonary values are vital capacity (supine) = 650 ml; minute ventilation (supine) = 6 L/min; respiratory rate (supine) = 30 b/min; PaO2 = 61 mmHg; PaCO2 = 47 mmHg. What nerves and muscles are involved in this case? What is causing significantly reduced alveolar ventilation?arrow_forward1) During alveolar HYPERventilation, levels of blood CO2 drop while blood O2 is elevated. What reflexive responses will this stimulate from the CPG? a) Increased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, stimulating I and E motor neurons. b) Decreased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, stimulating I and E motor neurons. c) Decreased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, inhibiting I and E motor neurons. d) Increased DRG and VRG activity in the medulla, inhibiting I and E motor neurons.arrow_forwardInspiratory neurons send impulses along the _____ nerves to the ______ (skeletal muscle) and ______ muscles.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education