Biology: How Life Works
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319017637
Author: James Morris, Daniel Hartl, Andrew Knoll, Melissa Michael, Robert Lue, Andrew Berry, Andrew Biewener, Brian Farrell, N. Michele Holbrook
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 23.1, Problem 3SAQ
Summary Introduction
Approximately, there are 400 primates species which include monkeys, prosimians (bushbabies, lemurs), and apes. Several anatomical features are common among the primates and these features distinguish them rest of the mammals. Molecular analysis is an essential tool for the comparison of species and populations within the species. However, a complete picture of human evolution can be obtained only by studying fossil records.
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Evolution in Humans
1) explain how fossil evidence is used to reconstruct the hominid history
2) explain how genetic evidence is used to document changes in species and populations over
time
3) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil age
Adaptations are physical or behavioral traits that help an organism survive in its environment. What are some of the adaptations in the evolution of hominins that allowed for the evolution of the genus Homo to evolve (eventually) into modern humans (Homo sapiens)? (Note: you don’t have to explain why these adaptations allowed the genus to evolve, just list some of the adaptations.)
We have studied how the six major primate groups evolved, with the most recent group being the hominins.The hominins branched off from main ape group around 7 million years ago.According to our lessons explain your reasoning as to whether there is a missing link,or one single specimen that embodies both ape and hominin traits, that serves as a transition between what is clearly ape and what is clearly hominin?What have you found most interesting about the beginning of hominin evolution and why?
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- Who are the fossils “Ardi” and “Lucy”? Elaborate on the roles each played in the reconstruction of human evolutionary history?arrow_forwardcreate a phylogeny of human evolution. It should include all known hominids beginning with the earliest and ending with modern Homo sapiens. In your version of a future, humans will create a phylogeny of human evolution. It should include all known hominids beginning with the earliest and ending with modern Homo sapiens and your version of a future human. The requirement is to put the genus and species name of the hominid, beginning with the earliest one, which is Sehelanthropus tchadensis, in the phylogeny along with its dating age.arrow_forwardHow do paleoanthropologists explain why the earliest hominins evolved in Africa and not elsewhere?arrow_forward
- There are two hypotheses to explain the pattern of Human Evolution: 1) Progressive Evolution of a Single Lineage ; 2) Evolutionary Radiation Which of these hypotheses are supported by evidence, and briefly explain why? Please explain in detailsarrow_forwardWrite briefly about the "hobbit" species of hominin. What are the theories about its evolution? What was the species like? When and where did it exist? (Homo floresiensis)arrow_forwardWhat role do the fossils named “Ardi” and “Lucy” play in the reconstruction of human evolutionary history?arrow_forward
- Paleoanthropologists generally agree that Homo erectus belongs in our genus and represents a significant shift towards adaptations important to our own species. However, there is much variation among specimens that are grouped into H. erectus. Your instructor will let you know which of these fossil representatives to use for the exercise today.Based on your measurements and comparisons in the table above, what are major differences among Au. africanus, H. habilis, and H. erectus? Do you think H. habilis is more like Australopithecus or Homo? How do these three species reflect the major environmental pressures of the time periods in which they lived, respectively? List three features that are changing in the genus Homo due to these selective pressures. List three features found in H. erectus that are derived, compared to Au. africanus.arrow_forward1) Does the fossil record indicate that life first appeared in the water or on the land? WATER or LAND 2) Does the fossil record indicate that invertebrates (trilobites) and vertebrates (fish) evolved during the same geological period? YES or NO 3) Does the fossil record indicate that birds evolved from mammals or reptiles? MAMMALS or REPTILES 4) The fossil record indicates that hominids evolved from an ancestral hominoid approximately? 4-5 million years ago or 1-2 million years ago What kinds of organisms appear earliest in the fossil record? PROKARYOTES or EUKARYOTESarrow_forwardDraw an evolutionary tree representing the hominins from 7 million years to the present. You can use a combination of dotted and solid lines to indicate descent.arrow_forward
- If you as a paleoanthropologist are plannin an excavation at a hominin site in East Africa which is dated to about 2 million years old, which fossil hominin species might you expect to find?arrow_forwardHow does genetic analyses of fossils help us understand human evolution better than just examining skulls?arrow_forwardAccording to "Homo naledi – New Questions on Human Evolution ", what did scientists NOT find at the site that they probably expected to find? A.No other hominin species at the site B.No evidence of fire, tools, artifacts, or other animals (except 1 bird) C.No skulls or craniums at the site D.No evidence of art or jewelryarrow_forward
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