Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23.1, Problem 1CC
Your measurements indicate that a fossilized skull you unearthed has a carbon-14fcarbon-12 ratio about 1/16 that of the skulls of present-day animals. What is the approximate age of the fossilized skull?
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The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately0.0078 as much 14C as found originally in the atmosphere. (a) Usingthe numbers on your graph, determine how many half-lives havepassed since the Neanderthal died. (b) Using your 14C calibration onthe x-axis, what is the approximate age of the Neanderthal fossil inyears (round off to the nearest thousand)? (c) Approximately whendid Neanderthals become extinct according to this study? (d) Theresearchers cite evidence that modern humans (H. sapiens) becameestablished in the same region as the last Neanderthals approximately 39,000–42,000 years ago. What does this suggest aboutthe overlap of Neanderthals and modern humans?
Carbon-14 dating works for fossils up to about 75,000 years old;fossils older than that contain too little 14C to be detected. Mostdinosaurs went extinct 65.5 million years ago. (a) Can 14C be usedto date dinosaur bones? Explain. (b) Radioactive uranium-235 hasa half-life of 704 million years. If it was incorporated into dinosaurbones, could it be used to date the dinosaur fossils? Explain
(1) What is the most common way for a dead organism to avoid decomposition?
(2) Why do researchers look for fossils in places that are now dry and barren instead of
other places like forests or grasslands?
(3) What kind of dating from the lecture or textbook would be the best method for finding
the number of years ago when a volcanic rock was formed?
(4) Why is the pelvis of a biped shorter and wider than the pelvis of a quadruped?
(5) Does the overall shape of Lucy’s pelvis resemble the human pelvis or the chimpanzee pelvis more? Do not think of the size, but compare the outlines of each
bone.
This is Lucy's skelton below.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - Your measurements indicate that a fossilized skull...Ch. 23.1 - Describe an example from the fossil record that...Ch. 23.1 - WHAT IF? What might a fossil record of life today...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 23.2 - Explain the consequences of plate tectonics for...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.2 - What factors promote adaptive radiations?Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 23.3 - Explain how new body forms can originate by...Ch. 23.3 - Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a...
Ch. 23.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Given that changes in morphology...Ch. 23.4 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23 - Which factor most likely caused animals and plants...Ch. 23 - Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of...Ch. 23 - A researcher discovers a fossil of what appears to...Ch. 23 - A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to...Ch. 23 - A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish...Ch. 23 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Herbivory (plant eating) has...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Describe how gene flow, genetic...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION You have seen many examples...Ch. 23 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In 2010, the Soufriere...
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- These are images of the Taung Child, an Australopithecus africanus fossil discovered in South Africa by Raymond Dart. a) Name two features that would have indicated to Dr. Dart that this fossil was very ape-like.b) Name two features that would have seemed very human-like to Dr. Dart. (First Picture is skull and second is Brain)arrow_forwardI would like you to assist me in setting up a dating profile on Hominin (homo sapien). Would you date a hominin? Australopithecus afarensis is famous thanks to Lucy, but Paranthropus robustus could be a diamond in the rough! Once again, let's have a little fun with this learning activity. Showcase your knowledge of the important attributes of one of the fossil hominins covered in this Unit by writing a dating profile for one. Creativity is welcome and encouraged! But all of the responses on this dating profile should relate to/be unique to the fossil hominin you choose. There must be good reasons for your answers that relate to the morphology, physiology, behavior, and/or environment of your chosen hominin. Have a short introduction of Homonin you choose, and answer the questions below: What are your best physical features and why? What are your special skills and/or favorite hobbies? What are you looking for in a partner? What is your favorite food? What are you…arrow_forwardAccording to "Homo naledi – New Questions on Human Evolution ", why was it significant that the bones were found to be articulated (their bones hadn’t separated from each other)? A.The individuals arrived in the cave either alive or shortly after the died. B.The individuals had decomposed outside of the cave, and other Homo naledi individuals put their skeletons together inside the cave. C.The bodies must have been placed in bags or coffins to keep the skeleton together as the body degraded. D.None of these are correctarrow_forward
- How do you think researchers and paleontologist determine where fossils of hominins are buried? answer must be at least 300 words in paragraph formatarrow_forward拳 1 2 3 4 77811 Geologists searching for clues to the ancestors of modern-day vertebrate land animals should look in layer beds. of the fossil A) 1 B) 3. D) 4arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true as the presence of bones is similarly found both in the baleen whale and in the extinct whale?arrow_forward
- "Carbon 14 decays to carbon12. The half-life of the C14 isotope is 5730 years. 22920 years after an animal dies, ______ carbon 14 will have been replaced with carbon12 and only _____ will remain in a bone sample from the animals skeleton found by the archaeologists. " "More than 99 percent, less than 1 percent" "Three fourths (75 percent), one fourth (25 percent)" "15/16ths (94 percent), 1/16 (6 percent)" "62/64ths (97 percent), 2/64 (3 percent)"arrow_forwardRadiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen you discovered at the site you were excavating in South Africa. Lab results indicate that the cranial capacity is 520 cubic centimeters and it dates to about 1.5 million years ago. After having identified the cranial traits present, you can now take this new information and provide, at least, the genus to which you think it may belong. Based on this information, choose from the options below, the category to which you think it most likely belongs. -Pre-australopith -Premodern Human -Gracile Australopithecine -Early Genus Homo -Robust Australopithecine -Late Genus Homoarrow_forwardRadiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen you discovered at the site you were excavating in South Africa. Lab results indicate that the cranial capacity is 520 cubic centimeters and it dates to about 1.5 million years ago. After having identified the cranial traits present, you can now take this new information and provide, at least, the genus to which you think it may belong. Based on this information, choose from the options below, the category to which you think it most likely belongs. Group of answer choices Pre-australopith Premodern Human Gracile Australopithecine Early Genus Homo Robust Australopithecine Late Genus Homoarrow_forward
- Which radioactive isotope or isotopes would you use to date each of thefollowing objects? Explain each of your choices. 4.) A fossilized trilobite recovered from a bed of sandstone that is about 500million years oldarrow_forwardRadiometric dating and the cranial capacity measurements are back from the paleolab for the specimen your friend at the museum called you about. She calls again to tell you the results. The cranial capacity is 442 cubic centimeters and it dates to 3 million years ago. After having identified the cranial traits present, you can now take this new information and provide, at least, the genus you think it could belong to in order to help your friend. Based on this information, choose from the options below, the category to which you think it most likely belongs. Group of answer choices Robust Australopithecine early Genus Homo Pre-Australopith Late Genus Homo Gracile Australopithecine Premodernarrow_forwardImagine you were to find a fossilized animal bone containing one-eighth the amount of carbon-14 present in earth’s atmosphere today. How long ago did the animal die?arrow_forward
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