Conceptual Integrated Science
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135197394
Author: Hewitt, Paul G., LYONS, Suzanne, (science Teacher), Suchocki, John, Yeh, Jennifer (jennifer Jean)
Publisher: PEARSON EDUCATION (COLLEGE)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 50TS
(a) What is the average temperature of Earth’s interior 20 km below the surface? (b) How
much warmer is it 30 km below the surface compared to 10 km below?
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The figure shows, not to scale, a cross section through the interior of Earth. Rather than
being uniform throughout, Earth is divided into three zones: an outer crust, a mantle, and an
inner core. The dimensions of these zones and the masses contained within them are shown
on the figure. Earth has a total mass of 5.98 x 1024 kg and a radius of 6370 km. Ignore
rotation and assume that Earth is spherical. (a) Calculate ag at the surface. (b) Suppose that a
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would be the value of ag at the bottom of the hole? (c) Suppose that Earth were a uniform
sphere with the same total mass and size. What would be the value of ag at a depth of 25.0
km? (Precise measurements of ag are sensitive probes of the interior structure of Earth,
although results can be clouded by local variations in mass distribution.)
6345 km
(a) Number
(b) Number
25 km
Number i
3490 km
-Core, 1.93 x 1024 kg
Mantle, 4.01 × 1024 kg
Crust,…
Chapter 23 Solutions
Conceptual Integrated Science
Ch. 23 - Diamond and graphite are minerals made of 100...Ch. 23 - Are plastic and nylon minerals?Ch. 23 - Describe the microscopic structure of a mineral.Ch. 23 - Is glass a mineral? Why or why not?Ch. 23 - What is the chemical formula for rubies? Why are...Ch. 23 - Identify six or more properties of minerals.Ch. 23 - How does the hardness of a mineral relate to its...Ch. 23 - Why is it rare to see large mineral crystals in...Ch. 23 - How many minerals are known to exist? What are the...Ch. 23 - Which is the largest group of minerals? What is...
Ch. 23 - Which are more common in Earths crust and mantle-...Ch. 23 - Identify seven classes of nonsilicate minerals.Ch. 23 - List four ways that minerals can form.Ch. 23 - A rock deep in Earth has a temperature higher than...Ch. 23 - When can the rock described in Exercise 14 melt to...Ch. 23 - Name an example of an evaporate mineral that you...Ch. 23 - Earths crust is made of rocks, so why dont we see...Ch. 23 - When cant we see the crystals in rocks?Ch. 23 - Do rocks have chemical formulas? Why or why not?Ch. 23 - What are the three major categories of rock?Ch. 23 - What is the difference between extrusive and...Ch. 23 - Why are most igneous rocks very hard?Ch. 23 - Prob. 23RCCCh. 23 - What is another name for intrusive igneous rocks?...Ch. 23 - Describe the process by which sedimentary rocks...Ch. 23 - Prob. 26RCCCh. 23 - How do clastic rocks differ from chemical rocks?Ch. 23 - What portion of the rock at Earths surface is...Ch. 23 - Heat and pressure can make one rock change, or...Ch. 23 - What kinds of rocks can undergo metamorphism?Ch. 23 - What are the stripes in foliated metamorphic rocks...Ch. 23 - The metamorphosis of shale into slate is an...Ch. 23 - Are rocks permanent features of Earth? Explain?Ch. 23 - How are all rocks related to one another?Ch. 23 - Five basic processes occur in the rock cycle. Name...Ch. 23 - What do all of the most common minerals in Earths...Ch. 23 - In what way is the silicate tetrahedron like a...Ch. 23 - What two elements make up the silicon tetrahedron?Ch. 23 - How are olivine, augite and feldspar alike? How...Ch. 23 - How is coal unlike other sedimentary rocks?Ch. 23 - Describe the formation of coal.Ch. 23 - What is coal made of?Ch. 23 - In what way are coal and petroleum alike?Ch. 23 - Prob. 44TISCh. 23 - Prob. 45TISCh. 23 - Prob. 46TISCh. 23 - Concrete is made from sand, gravel, and cement...Ch. 23 - a What is the average temperature of Earths...Ch. 23 - How does the atomic structure of glass differ from...Ch. 23 - The chemical formula for quartz is SiO2. Coesite...Ch. 23 - Toothbrushes and toothpastes usually consists of...Ch. 23 - Minerals in Earths crust generally do not contain...Ch. 23 - The chemical formula for quartz is SiO2. What is...Ch. 23 - Why do some high-quality drills have diamond tips?Ch. 23 - Why are quartz and diamond so much harder than...Ch. 23 - Name two properties of minerals that are based on...Ch. 23 - Prob. 59TECh. 23 - Why are the ferromagnesian silicates often dark,...Ch. 23 - What is more plentiful on Earththe group of...Ch. 23 - Olivine and augite are ferromagnesian silicates....Ch. 23 - Classify the following minerals as oxides,...Ch. 23 - The drawing shows two silicate tetrahedra linked...Ch. 23 - The chemical formula for the calcium-rich variety...Ch. 23 - Refer to figure 23.15b, which shows the structure...Ch. 23 - Why should mines be air-conditioned?Ch. 23 - One of your friends thinks that all mining should...Ch. 23 - Earths mineral resources are plentiful, but once...Ch. 23 - Prob. 70TECh. 23 - You have a tiny pile of quartz grains. You cover...Ch. 23 - Prob. 72TECh. 23 - Complete this sentence and explain your answer:...Ch. 23 - A geologist finds an igneous rock that has large...Ch. 23 - Why do rocks from slowly cooling magma have large...Ch. 23 - Prob. 76TECh. 23 - Why are intrusive igneous rocks coarse grained?...Ch. 23 - How is the magma that crystallizes to make...Ch. 23 - How can one magma body produce many different...Ch. 23 - Prob. 80TECh. 23 - Which of the three classes of rocks is formed at...Ch. 23 - Prob. 82TECh. 23 - Cycles in nature, such as the rock cycle, consist...Ch. 23 - Prob. 84TECh. 23 - Is the following rock a sedimentary rock, igneous...Ch. 23 - How is bituminous coal like coquina? How is...Ch. 23 - How is coal special among rocks?Ch. 23 - Prob. 88TECh. 23 - Prob. 89TECh. 23 - Why are metamorphic rocks formed underground?Ch. 23 - Prob. 91TECh. 23 - Metamorphism can be caused by pressure, heat, or...Ch. 23 - Cycles in nature, such as the rock cycle, consist...Ch. 23 - Identify a natural cycle other than the rock...Ch. 23 - If the 4.6-billion-year history of Earth were...Ch. 23 - A road cut reveals sedimentary strata. A low-lying...Ch. 23 - You read in the newspaper that a certain rock...Ch. 23 - The silicates are the largest mineral group...Ch. 23 - What physical change in metamorphic rock signals...Ch. 23 - Why do some minerals break down into cubes when...Ch. 23 - Which of these does not belong in your mineral...Ch. 23 - Which statement best describes how the majority of...Ch. 23 - Large crystals are usually associated with a...Ch. 23 - Why does the iridium layer in the rock record sug-...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8RATCh. 23 - Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock that consists...Ch. 23 - An igneous rock can be transformed into a...
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