Corporate Finance
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781259918940
Author: Ross, Stephen A.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 4CQ
Real Options Utility companies often face a decision to build new plants that burn coal, oil, or both. If the prices of both coal and gas are highly volatile, how valuable is the decision to build a plant that can bum either coal or oil? What happens to the value of this option as the correlation between coal and oil prices increases?
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Students have asked these similar questions
To hedge, a user of an energy resource wants price protection from rising prices. The user decides to buy a call option to protect against rising prices. But they want a lower cost of hedging and decide to construct a collar strategy. What other action should they take along with the purchase of the call option?
Buy a call option
Sell a call option
Buy a put option
Sell a put option
None of the above
Which of the following will NOT increase the value of a real (call) option?
Group of answer choices:
A decrease in the probability that a competitor will enter the market of the project in question.
An increase in the risk-free rate
A decrease in the cost of obtaining the real option
Lengthening the time in which a real option must be exercised.
A decrease in the volatility of the underlying source of risk.
Financial advisors generally recommend that their clients allocate more to higher risk–return asset classes (like equities) if their investment horizons are long.
Is this advice consistent with the basic M-V model?
Does adding a shortfall constraint to the M-V model make a difference? If so, how? If not, why not?
Assuming investment opportunities change over time, what type of asset return behavior would justify this advice within the M-V framework?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Corporate Finance
Ch. 23 - Employee Stock Options Why do companies issue...Ch. 23 - Real Options What are the two options that many...Ch. 23 - Project Analysis Why does a strict NPV calculation...Ch. 23 - Real Options Utility companies often face a...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5CQCh. 23 - Real Options Star Mining buys a gold mine, but the...Ch. 23 - Real Options You are discussing real options with...Ch. 23 - Real Options and Capital Budgeting Your company...Ch. 23 - Insurance as an Option Insurance, whether...Ch. 23 - Real Options How would the analysis of real...
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- If a company has an option to abandon a project, would this tend to make the company more or less likely to accept the project today?arrow_forwardShould companies bid for a project with a price under the "project bid price"? No, this will not make financial sense. It depends on the project payback time. Yes, because they will still have positive profits.arrow_forwardCompanies often have to increase their initial investment costs to obtain real options. Whymight this be so, and how could a firm decide whether it was worth the cost to obtain agiven real option?arrow_forward
- The management recognizes that the present worth of the cogeneration plant is quite sensitive to the savings in electricity costs, the MARR, and the initial costs. Since there is some uncertainty about these estimates, the company wants to explore further the impact of changes in these parameters on the viability of the project. You are to carry out a break-even analysis for each of these parameters to find out what range of values results in a viable project (i.e., PW > 0) and to determine the “break-even” parameter values that make the present worth of the project zero. How much of a drop in the cost of natural gas will result in the heat exchange units having a present worth of zero? Construct a break-even graph to illustrate this break-even costarrow_forwardWhy must real options have positive value? (Select all the choices that apply.) A. Having the real option but not the obligation to act is valuable. B. Real options must have positive value because they can always be sold to recover the initial investment. C. Real options must have positive value because they are only exercised when doing so would increase the value of the investment. D. If exercising the real option would reduce value, managers can allow the option to go unexercised.arrow_forwardConsider the following statement about real options: Sometimes real options can give managers the flexibility to decide to invest in a project or wait to make a more calculated decision. True or False: The preceding statement is correct. True False Which type of real option allows a project to be expanded if demand turns out to be greater than expected? Expansion option Flexibility option Abandonment option Timing option Consider the following example: King Snowplows began operations in New York City two years ago. As an independent contractor, the company does the majority of its business working for the city. The company also had offers from surrounding cities in New Jersey and Long Island, but these offers would have required the company to invest in additional snowplows—which have high up-front costs. King Snowplows decided to purchase only the snowplows necessary to handle its contract with New York City. The company…arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true? O The salvage value of new equipment should not be considered when using the internal rate of return method to evaluate a project. O The internal rate of return method assumes that the cash flows generated by a project are reinvested at a rate of return that equals the company's cost of capital. O The profitability index and the internal rate of return will always result in the same preference ranking for investment projects. O In calculating the profitability index, the initial investment in the project should be reduced by any proceeds from the sale of old equipment. O None of the above statements is true.arrow_forward4. Introduction to real options Consider the following statement about real options: Sometimes real options can give managers the flexibility to decide to invest in a project or wait to make a more calculated decision. True or False: The preceding statement is correct. False True Which type of real option allows the output and/or inputs in the production process to be altered, depending on how market conditions change during a project’s life? A. Expansion option B. Flexibility option C. Abandonment option D. Timing option Consider the following example: Clemens Inc. is considering a $100 million investment in a new line of soft drinks. However, $100 million is a huge investment for Clemens; if things turn bad, it could wipe out the company. A few senior managers have suggested a smaller investment of $20 million to see if the market is as strong as they hope it is. If demand is strong and the opportunity is still…arrow_forwardWhich of the following contributes positively to the value of a real option to delay investment? First-mover competitive advantages It lowers idiosyncratic risk, and thus the firm's cost of capital Delaying project revenues, due to TVM The likely resolution of some uncertaintyarrow_forward
- If a company has an option to abandon a project, would this tend to makethe company more or less likely to accept the project today?arrow_forwardA commercial real estate company has an option to develop a parcel of land. Assuming the dynamics of land value, L, are described by geometric Brownian motion with drift a and volatility o, and that the cost of developing the land is I, answer the following questions. Assume the economy is risk-neutral and the instantaneous risk-free rate of interest is r. a. Compute the value of the development option, F(L), and the optimal exercise policy, L, assuming the firm can exercise the option at any time. b. In a more realistic setting, the company may face competition that damages the value of its growth options. For simplicity, assume that the arrival of competition can be described as a Poisson process with intensity parameter 2; and that conditional on the arrival of competition, the development option becomes worthless (i.e., drops in value to zero). Compute the value of the option, F(L), and the optimal exercise policy, L, under this competition scenario. c. Compare the optimal exercise…arrow_forwardWildhorse Company will incur what amount of additional costs if it buys the switches?arrow_forward
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