OPENINTRO:STATISTICS
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781943450077
Author: OPENINTRO
Publisher: amazon.com
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 2.3, Problem 25E
(a)
To determine
Delineate the statement as true or false.
Explain the reasoning, if the statement is identified as false.
(b)
To determine
Obtain the proportion of all patients who have cardiovascular diseases.
(c)
To determine
Find the number of patients in the rosiglitazone group who would be expected to have had cardiovascular problems.
(d)
To determine
i. State the claim being tested.
ii. Identify the group that would provide more support from the alternative hypothesis, more or fewer patients with cardiovascular problems in the rosiglitazone group.
iii. Discuss the suggestion provided by the simulation results about the relationship between taking rosiglitazone and having cardiovascular problems in diabetic patients.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Tan/ page
Rosiglitazone is the active ingredient in the controversial type 2 diabetes medicine Avandia and has been
linked to an increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems such as stroke, heart failure, and death. A
common alternative treatment is pioglitazone, the active ingredient in a diabetes medicine called Actos. In
a nationwide retrospective observational study of 227,571 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older, it
was found that 2,593 of the 67,593 patients using rosiglitazone and 5,386 of the 159,978 using pioglitazone
had serious cardiovascular problems. These data are summarized in the contingency table below.
Cardiovascular problems
Yes
No
Total
Rosiglitazone 2,593 65,000
Pioglitazone 5,386 154,592 159,978
67,593
Total
7,979 219,592 227,571
a) Write a set of hypotheses comparing the rates for cardiovascular problems for the two treatments.
Но: р, — рp?
На: р, — Рp ?
Compute the point estimate, the observed difference in rates for cardiovascular problems in the…
Side effects of Avandia - Rosiglitazone is the active ingredient in the controversial type 2 diabetes medicine Avandia and has been linked to an
increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems such as stroke, heart failure, and death. A common alternative treatment is pioglitazone, the active
ingredient in a diabetes medicine called Actos. In a nationwide retrospective observational study of 227,571 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or
older, it was found that 2,593 of the 67,593 patients using rosiglitazone and 5,386 of the 159,978 using pioglitazone had serious cardiovascular
problems. The data is summarized in the contingency table below.
Cardiovascular problems
Yes
No
Total
Rosiglitazone
2,593
65,000
67,593
Pioglitazone
5,386
154,592
159,978
Total
7,979
219,592
227,571
1. What proportion of all patients had cardiovascular problems? Round your answer to four decimal places.
2. What is the difference in proportion of patients with cardiovascular problems between the…
Rosiglitazone is the active ingredient in the controversial type 2 diabetes medicine Avandia and has been
linked to an increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems such as stroke, heart failure, and death. A
common alternative treatment is pioglitazone, the active ingredient in a diabetes medicine called Actos. In a
nationwide retrospective observational study of 22,757 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older, it was
found that 259 of the 6,759 patients using rosiglitazone and 539 of the 15,998 using pioglitazone had serious
cardiovascular problems. These data are summarized in the contingency table below.
Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone
Total
Cardiovascular problems
Yes
No
259
539
a) Write a set of hypotheses comparing the rates for cardiovascular problems for the two treatments.
Ho: Pr-Pp ? 8
HA: P-Pp? B
Total
6,500
6,759
15,459
15,998
798 21,959 22,757
b) Compute the point estimate, the observed difference in rates for cardiovascular problems in the two
treatments.
Pr-Pp=
c)…
Chapter 2 Solutions
OPENINTRO:STATISTICS
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 3GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 4GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 5GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 9GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 10GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 12GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 13GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 15GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 16GP
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 17GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 19GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 22GPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 10ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 18ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 2.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 23GPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 24GPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 28GPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 29GPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 2.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 31GPCh. 2.3 - Prob. 32GPCh. 2.3 - Prob. 34GPCh. 2.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 2.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 2 - Prob. 27CECh. 2 - Prob. 28CECh. 2 - Prob. 29CECh. 2 - Prob. 30CECh. 2 - Prob. 31CECh. 2 - Prob. 32CECh. 2 - Prob. 33CECh. 2 - Prob. 34CE
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Rosiglitazone is the active ingredient in the controversial type 2 diabetes medicine Avandia and has been linked to an increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems such as stroke, heart failure, and death. A common alternative treatment is Pioglitazone, the active ingredient in a diabetes medicine called Actos. In a nationwide retrospective observational study of 227,571 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older, it was found that 2,593 of the 67,593 patients using Rosiglitazone and 5,386 of the 159,978 using Pioglitazone had serious cardiovascular problems. These data are summarized in the contingency table below. Yes No Total Rosiglitazone 2,593 65,000 67,593 5,386 154,592 159,978 7,979 219,592 227,571 Pioglitazone Total a) What proportion of patients using Rosiglitazone had cardiovascular problems? b) What proportion of patients using Pioglitazone had cardiovascular problems? c) What is the point estimate for the difference of proportions of serious cardiovascular problems…arrow_forwardRosiglitazone is the active ingredient in the controversial type 2 diabetes medicine Avandia and has been linked to an increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems such as stroke, heart failure, and death. A common alternative treatment is pioglitazone, the active ingredient in a diabetes medicine called Actos. In a nationwide retrospective observational study of 227,571 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older, it was found that 2,593 of the 67,593 patients using rosiglitazone and 5,386 of the 159.978 using pioglitazone had serious cardiovascular problems. These data are summarized in the contingency table below. Treatment True Rosiglitazone Pioglitazone Total False Cardiovascular problems No 65,000 154,592 219,592 Yes 2,593 5,386 7,979 Determine if the following statements is true or false. Be careful: The reasoning may be wrong even if the statement's conclusion is correct. In such cases, the statement should be considered false. Total 67,593 159,978 227,571 True or False:…arrow_forwardAlthough arsenic is known to be a poison, it also has some beneficial medicinal uses. In one study of the use of arsenic to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a rare type if blood cancer, APL patients were given an arsenic compound as part of their treatment. Of those receiving arsenic, 32% were in remission and showed no signs of leukemia in subsequent examination. It is known that 18% of APL patients go into remission after conventional treatment. Suppose that the study had included 100 randomly selected patients. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the proportion in remission for the arsenic treatment is greater than 0.18, the remission proportion for conventional treatment? a. Test the hypothesis at the 0.01 significance level. b. Construct and interpret a 99% confidence interval for the true proportion of APL patients who go into remission after using arsenic. Does the inference drawn from this interval match the conclusion from the test that you did in part…arrow_forward
- A study investigated the joint effects of sleep quality and sleep duration on the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 60,586 individuals aged 40 and older with no current or prior history of CHD were enrolled into the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on sleep quality and duration at the start of the study, and 43,910 participants reported getting ³6 hours of sleep per day. Participants were followed for approximately 12 years, for a total of 152,000 person-years among those getting <6 hours sleep/day and 527,000 person-years among those getting ³6 hours sleep/day. Out of 2,740 participants who developed CHD throughout follow-up, 721 participants reported getting <6 hours of sleep per day at baseline. Question 10: What is the incidence rate of coronary heart disease among all participants in the study?arrow_forwardA colonoscopy is a medical procedure that is designed to find and remove precancerous lesions in the colon before they become cancerous. The article “Association of Colonoscopy and Death from Colorectal Cancer” reports that in a sample of 10,292 people diagnosed with colorectal cancer, 7.1% had previously had a colonoscopy. In a sample of 51,460 people without colorectal cancer, 9.8% had previously had a colonoscopy. 25. Can you conclude that the percentage of people who have had colonoscopies is greater in those without colorectal cancer? Use ? = 0.01arrow_forwardIn January 2007 Consumer, Reports published a study of bacterial contamination of chicken sold in the United States. They purchased 525 broiler chickens from various stores in 23 states and tested them for bacterial contamination. Lab tests indicated 83% of the chickens were contaminated with Campylobacter. How would you justify a claim by the USDA that the number of chickens tested was not large enough since 9 billion chickens are sold each year in the U.S.? What is the impact on the confidence interval estimate if a larger sample is used?arrow_forward
- Early life exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or passive maternal smoking can result in developmental delay as well as childhood asthma and increased risk of cancer. A growing body of evidence has been generated indicating that the fetus, infant, and young child are especially susceptible to environmental toxicants as diverse as pesticides, mercury, lead, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). About 5 million children in the United States suffer from childhood asthma. This statistic has increased 160% over the last 15 years. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) would like your help in trying to figure out why asthma rates, in particular, are on the rise? An investigator at the CDC wants to look at the relationship between children’s pre-natal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its association with asthma diagnosis. A study of 325 children produced the following results. HINT: This table should be rearranged.…arrow_forwardMost cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 24 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 34 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.10. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and P2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…arrow_forwardA more recent study involved 124 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is an early sign of dementia. Four years after their diagnoses, they were brought in for medical and cognitive exams. Some of the patients' conditions had progressed to Alzheimer's disease. After blood tests, it was learned that those with Alzheimer's had 51% less caffeine in their blood. Part A: What type of study is this? Experimental Observational Part B: What is the explanatory variable in this study? Alzheimer's disease Caffeine level Part C: What is the response variable? Alzheimer's disease O Caffeine levelarrow_forward
- Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 24 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 34 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.10. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…arrow_forwardAs men age, their testosterone levels gradually decrease. This may cause a reduction in energy, an increase in fat, and other undesirable changes. Do testosterone supplements reverse some of these effects? A study in the Netherlands assigned 237 men aged 60 to 80 with low or low-normal testosterone levels to either a testosterone supplement or a placebo. Why is it necessary to include a control group in this experiment? Every experiment needs a control group in order to make proper comparisons between treatments. A control group is necessary to balance the effects of other variables among the treatment groups. A control group is necessary so any differences in the effects of the treatments can be distinguished from chance differences between the groups. A control group helps avoid confounding and reduces variability in the response variable. A control group is used to provide a baseline for comparing the effects of other treatments.arrow_forwardMost cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 34 % developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 44 % developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsStatisticsISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...StatisticsISBN:9781305251809Author:Jay L. DevorePublisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...StatisticsISBN:9781305504912Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. WallnauPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...StatisticsISBN:9780134683416Author:Ron Larson, Betsy FarberPublisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319042578Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. FlignerPublisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319013387Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. CraigPublisher:W. H. Freeman
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305251809
Author:Jay L. Devore
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305504912
Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...
Statistics
ISBN:9780134683416
Author:Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319042578
Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319013387
Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Statistics 4.1 Point Estimators; Author: Dr. Jack L. Jackson II;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MrI0J8XCEE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Statistics 101: Point Estimators; Author: Brandon Foltz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4v41z3HwLaM;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Central limit theorem; Author: 365 Data Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5xQmk9veZ4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Point Estimate Definition & Example; Author: Prof. Essa;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTVwtvQmSn0;License: Standard Youtube License
Point Estimation; Author: Vamsidhar Ambatipudi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flqhlM2bZWc;License: Standard Youtube License