Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To identify the substances ATP, CoA–SH,
Concept introduction: The sum of various
ATP is a
Coenzyme A (CoA) is a coenzyme which is utilized in various metabolic reactions. The functions of coenzyme A include oxidation of pyruvate in the citric cycle and fatty acid oxidation. The structure of Coenzyme A (CoA) is:
Flavin adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms: oxidized form
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Here,
(a)
Answer to Problem 23.46EP
ATP and
Explanation of Solution
The structure of ATP is:
The structure of
The structure of
Here,
The structure of
The structure of coenzyme A (CoA) is:
The ribose subunit in each of the metabolic intermediate is highlighted. Here, the structure of
(b)
Interpretation: To identify the substances ATP, CoA–SH,
Concept introduction: The sum of various chemical reactions occurring in the human body is called metabolism and the reactions individually are known as metabolic reactions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions.ATP,
ATP is a nucleotide which provides energy for the completion of various metabolic reactions occurring in our human body. The structure of ATP consists of adenine base, ribose sugar unit and the three phosphate group connected to each other by phosphoanhydride bonds.
The structure of ATP is:
Coenzyme A (CoA) is a coenzyme which is utilized in various metabolic reactions. The functions of coenzyme A include oxidation of pyruvate in the citric cycle and fatty acid oxidation. The structure of Coenzyme A (CoA) is:
Flavin adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms: oxidized form
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Here,
(b)
Answer to Problem 23.46EP
CoA–SH consists of one phosphorylated ribose subunit in its structure.
Explanation of Solution
The structure of CoA–SH is:
The structure of ATP is:
The structure of
The structure of
The structure of
Here,
The phosphorylated ribose subunit in each of the metabolic intermediate is highlighted. Here, the structure ofCoA–SH consists of one phosphorylated ribose unit. Hence, the correct answer is CoA–SH.
(c)
Interpretation: To identify the substances ATP, CoA–SH,
Concept introduction: The sum of various chemical reactions occurring in the human body is called metabolism and the reactions individually are known as metabolic reactions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions.ATP,
ATP is a nucleotide which provides energy for the completion of various metabolic reactions occurring in our human body. The structure of ATP consists of adenine base, ribose sugar unit and the three phosphate group connected to each other by phosphoanhydride bonds. The structure of ATP is:
Coenzyme A (CoA) is a coenzyme which is utilized in various metabolic reactions. The functions of coenzyme A include oxidation of pyruvate in the citric cycle and fatty acid oxidation.
The structure of Coenzyme A (CoA) is:
Flavin adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms: oxidized form
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Here,
(c)
Answer to Problem 23.46EP
Explanation of Solution
The structure of
The structure of CoA–SH is:
The structure of ATP is:
The structure of
The structure of
Here,
The structure of
The ribose and ribitol subunit in each of the metabolic intermediate is highlighted. Here, the structure of
(d)
Interpretation: To identify the substances ATP, CoA–SH,
Concept introduction: The sum of various chemical reactions occurring in the human body is called metabolism and the reactions individually are known as metabolic reactions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions.ATP,
ATP is a nucleotide which provides energy for the completion of various metabolic reactions occurring in our human body. The structure of ATP consists of adenine base, ribose sugar unit and the three phosphate group connected to each other by phosphoanhydride bonds. The structure of ATP is:
Coenzyme A (CoA) is a coenzyme which is utilized in various metabolic reactions. The functions of coenzyme A include oxidation of pyruvate in the citric cycle and fatty acid oxidation.
The structure of Coenzyme A (CoA) is:
Flavin adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms: oxidized form
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Here,
(d)
Answer to Problem 23.46EP
CoA–SH and
Explanation of Solution
The structure of CoA–SH is:
The structure of
The structure of ATP is:
The structure of
Here,
The different kinds of subunit in metabolic intermediate are highlighted Here, the structure of
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Chapter 23 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.Energy is released when the terminal phosphate group is removed, known as dephosphorylation, whereas energy is needed when a phosphate group is added, also known as phosphorylation. b.A living organism has an unlimited supply of energy. c.Energy mediated by ATP comes from the metabolism of different isomers of C6H12O6 (sugar), such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The transfer of energy in living systems use electrons to allow the cell to transfer energy in large amounts. b.Electrons play an important role in redox reactions. This is true because it is the electrons that undergo the redox reactions in living systems. c.For nicotinamide adenine (NAD), its oxidized form is NAD+ while its reduced form is NADH. This is true because NAD+ can accept electrons from an organic molecule.arrow_forwardWhich of these statements about ATP is true?a.The bond joining ADP and the third phosphate is a high-energy bond.b.The formation of ATP is coupled to energy-liberating reactions.c.The conversion of ATP to ADP and Pi provides energy for biosynthesis, cell movement, and other cellular processes that require energy.d.ATP is the “universal energy carrier” of cells.e. .All of these are true.arrow_forwardExplain which of the following substances ATP, CoA-SH, FAD and NAD+ have the subunits in their structure? D.Have four different types of subunits.arrow_forward
- Which one of the following buffers the concentration of ATP? Select one: a. Glycolysis b. Acidosis O c. Phosphocreatine O d. Oxidative phosphorylation e. Acetyl coenzyme Aarrow_forwardWhich of the following substances ATP, CoA-SH, FAD and NAD+ have the subunits in their structure? A.Have 2 two ribose subunits.B.Have two phosphate subunits.C.Has a single adenine subunitD.Have four different types of subunits.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statement is CORRECT for ATP? Select one: a. Divalent cation C12- stabilize ATP and blocks the driving force for association and make ATP unstable b. In pure water ATP Is very stable and high water concentration would only drive this reaction forward with the help of enzyme c. Phosphate bonds of ATP is "highly transferable" bonds. d. ATP is very unstable in salt solutions having near neutral pH therefore spontaneously dissociate into ADP and Parrow_forward
- For each of the four possibilities listed below (a through d), only one answer is correct and the others are false. Identify the correct statement and explain why the others are false. In your answer, write CORRECT next to the statement that you think is true, and ONLY for the ones that you think are false, explain what is wrong with the statement . When glucose reacts with ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate (as shown on the figure below): 1. The synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate is exergonic 2. ADP is at a higher energy level than ATP 3. Glucose-6-phosphate is at a higher energy level than glucose 4. Because ATP donates a phosphate to glucose, this is not a coupled reactionarrow_forwardYou are studying a biochemical pathway that requires ATP as an energy source. To your dismay, the reactions soon stop, partly because the ATP is rapidly used up and partly because an excess of ADP builds up and inhibits the enzymes involved. You are about to give up when the following table from a biochemistry textbook catches your eye. A. ذن فه B. Substrates C. Creatine + ATP ATP + H₂O Pyrophosphate + H₂O Glucose-6-phosphate + H₂O Enzyme A Enzyme B Enzyme C Enzyme D Products Creatine-phosphate + ADP Which of the following reagents is/are most likely to revitalize your reaction? a vast excess of ATP glucose 6-phosphate and enzyme D creatine phosphate and enzyme A D. pyrophosphate ADP + Phosphate 2 Phosphate Glucose + Phosphate AG (kJ/mol) +3 -7.3 -7.0 -3.3arrow_forwardWhich of the following about glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids is incorrect? Select one: A. Both glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are used as component of cell membrane. OB. Glycerophospholipids have two fatty acids connected to a glycerol backbone with a phosphate polar head group. * C. Both glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids contain at least one fatty acid. D. Sphingolipids have a sphingosine backbone in which a fatty acid can be attached to C1 and a sugar can be attached to C2. E. Ceramides are the precursors of all sphingolipids.arrow_forward
- Suppose that after you mixed 10 mL of milk with 1 mL of lactase solution and waited three minutes, you found that your mixture of milk and lactase contained glucose. What are two possible interpretations of this result? (Hint: Think about the possibility that, before digestion, milk contains either a disaccharide or a monosaccharide.)arrow_forwardSuggest a name for the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. a. transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glycerol b. addition of water to fumarate c. isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphatearrow_forwardinto oxygen gas (O2) as shown by the following chemical equation. O3 +0- 202 shown by the 2 equations below. Cl + O3 - ClO + O2 CIO + 0- Cl + O2 In this process, the chlorine atom acts as 2) Pepsin is an enzyme present in gastric juice. In the stomach, it catalyzes the breaks down of proteins into the shorter polypeptides. Therefore, proteins of pepsin. are Wayne Ann M. Ladringan AUTHOR General Biology 1 SUBJECT hagni Page.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning