Chapter 23, Problem 23.31P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of $Pmatom$ has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Inner transition elements: The elements of the periodic table in which the seven inner $f$ orbitals are being filled.  The lanthanides and the actinides.

The inner transition elements have a general electron configuration of

  $\left[\text{noble gas}\right]{\text{ ns}}^{\text{2}}\left(\text{n – 2}\right){\text{f }}^{\text{x}}\left(\text{n – 1}\right){\text{d }}^{\text{0}}\text{.}$

Inner transition metals lose their ns orbital electrons first in forming cations.  After losing the ns electrons, additional electrons may be lost from the $\left(\text{n – 1}\right)\text{d}$ orbitals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of $L{u}^{3+}ion$ has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Inner transition elements: The elements of the periodic table in which the seven inner $f$ orbitals are being filled.  The lanthanides and the actinides.

The inner transition elements have a general electron configuration of

  $\left[\text{noble gas}\right]{\text{ ns}}^{\text{2}}\left(\text{n – 2}\right){\text{f }}^{\text{x}}\left(\text{n – 1}\right){\text{d }}^{\text{0}}\text{.}$

Inner transition metals lose their ns orbital electrons first in forming cations.  After losing the ns electrons, additional electrons may be lost from the $\left(\text{n – 1}\right)\text{d}$ orbitals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of $Thatom$ has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Inner transition elements: The elements of the periodic table in which the seven inner $f$ orbitals are being filled.  The lanthanides and the actinides.

The inner transition elements have a general electron configuration of

  $\left[\text{noble gas}\right]{\text{ ns}}^{\text{2}}\left(\text{n – 2}\right){\text{f }}^{\text{x}}\left(\text{n – 1}\right){\text{d }}^{\text{0}}\text{.}$

Inner transition metals lose their ns orbital electrons first in forming cations.  After losing the ns electrons, additional electrons may be lost from the $\left(\text{n – 1}\right)\text{d}$ orbitals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of $F{m}^{3+}ion$ has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Inner transition elements: The elements of the periodic table in which the seven inner $f$ orbitals are being filled.  The lanthanides and the actinides.

The inner transition elements have a general electron configuration of

  $\left[\text{noble gas}\right]{\text{ ns}}^{\text{2}}\left(\text{n – 2}\right){\text{f }}^{\text{x}}\left(\text{n – 1}\right){\text{d }}^{\text{0}}\text{.}$

Inner transition metals lose their ns orbital electrons first in forming cations.  After losing the ns electrons, additional electrons may be lost from the $\left(\text{n – 1}\right)\text{d}$ orbitals.