Loose-leaf Version for What is Life? A Guide to Biology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464172274
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W.H. Freeman & Co
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Chapter 23, Problem 19SA
Summary Introduction
To review:
The impact serotonin will have on a person’s mood if it stays longer in the synaptic cleft.
Introduction:
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is widely associated with elevated moods.
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Summation of post-synaptic potentials can be:
Between temporal excitatory synapses
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In some cases, people who suffer from depression can be prescribed a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor if they are determined to be resistant to behavioral treatment. Explain how a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor would alter concentrations of serotonin in the brain. Would this change occur at all synapses within the brain? Why or why not?
Short-term memory, like remembering a phone number, is stored as a Long Term Potentiation (LTP) of the synapse. Describe what has changed at the synapse when it has undergone LTP.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Loose-leaf Version for What is Life? A Guide to Biology
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- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs that can alleviate symptoms of depression by blocking the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing the amount of time that 5-HT remains active. Elevated levels of 5-HT within the synapse are associated with feelings of well-being; conversely, low levels of 5-HT are correlated with depressive symptoms. Recent studies have shown that SSRIs can also mediate their antidepressant effects by increasing brain levels of certain cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFNY). IFNY directly induces the expression of the protein p11 in neighboring neurons, which then interacts with 5-HTR4, a 5-HT transmembrane receptor. Figures 1 and 2 provide information about this interaction. 5-HTR4 protein (% of WT) expression CAMP levels (% change control) from 120T 100+ 80+ 60+ 40+ 20+ 0 MEM TOT Figure 1 5-HTR4 protein expression in plasma membrane-enriched fraction (MEM) of hippocampal lysate and in total hippocampal…arrow_forwardWhat role do the supporting cells play in neurotransmission ? Describe the role of at least two different types of Supporting cells. Are the supporting cells. as important as the neurons when it comes. to neural Communication ?arrow_forwardplease claerly explain diffreence between synapse and neurotransmitter. I feel like their work is same in autonomic nervous system. Please clarify for me in short cut about their differences?arrow_forward
- What are the effects of alcohol on the synaptic transmission?arrow_forwardF В C Match the labelled synapse structure with the correct structure or function. Place the correct number in each blank. Use each letter only once. : Synaptic vesicle containing the neurotransmitters * Postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite : Synaptic cleft • Receptor site for the neurotransmitter on the dendrite Axon terminal • Mitochondria, which supply ATP for synthesis of transmittersarrow_forwardDefine and describe endogenous rhythms.arrow_forward
- Discuss the seat of stress and emotions in the brain and how it functionsarrow_forwardHow do the structural and chemical propertiesof the synapse ensure that communication proceeds in a singledirection between nerve cells?arrow_forwardThe following diagram represents a typical serotonergic synapse. Where, specifically, do antidepressants work (e.g. SSRI)? Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter transporter Аxon Synaptic vesicle terminal Voltage- gated Ca?+ channel Synaptic cleft Receptor Postsynaptic density Dendrite Neurotransmitter Synaptic Vesicle Neurotransmitter transporter (aka Reuptake transporter) Receptor O All of the abovearrow_forward
- What is a post-synaptic potential and how is it caused? Describe the two types of post-synaptic potentials that can occur. Within this context, what does excitatory and inhibitory mean?arrow_forwardin patients with ptsd the hippocampus is generally less active and the amygdala is more active in response to emotional stimuli true or falsearrow_forwardproteins are activated during long-term potentiation. These proteins bind to the DNA, facilitating the transcription of genes to make proteins involved in changing the synapse. CREB Esterase ВРН Kinase CLINarrow_forward
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