CHEMISTRY:MOLECULAR NATURE...-ALEKS 360
CHEMISTRY:MOLECULAR NATURE...-ALEKS 360
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259916083
Author: SILBERBERG
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 22, Problem 22.69P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical equation of nitric oxide with ozone and its reverse reaction has to be written.

(a)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

In the stratosphere, nitric oxide destroys ozone by forming nitrogen dioxide and oxygen.  The chemical equation is given by

    NO(g) + O3(g)  NO2(g) + O2(g)NO2(g) + O2(g)   NO(g) + O3(g) (reverse)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general rate law for given reaction has to be written.

(b)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The rate of the reaction depends on concentration of the reactants and the order of the reaction translates to the exponent in the rate law.

    NO(g) + O3(g)  NO2(g) + O2(g) Rateforward = kf[NO][O3]NO2(g) + O2(g)   NO(g) + O3(g) (reverse)Ratereverse = kr[NO2][O2]

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The standard free energy of given reaction has to be written.

Concept Introduction: 

Free energy, ΔGο, is the measure of the ability of a reaction to proceed spontaneously. ΔGο can be calculated with the relationship.

    ΔGοrxn=mΔGf(products)o-mΔGf(reactants)o

    ΔGοrxn=ΔHrxno-TΔSrxno

(c)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The standard Gibb’s free energy is calculated by substituting change in enthalpy and change in entropy of the reaction.

    ΔHοrxn=mΔHf(products)o-mΔHf(reactants)oΔHοrxn=[(1 mol NO2)(33.2 kJ/mol) + (1 mol O2)(0 kJ/mol)] -[(1 mol NO)(90.29 kJ/mol) + (1 mol O3)(143 kJ/mol)]ΔHοrxn=-200.09 kJΔSοrxn=[(1 mol NO2)(239.9 J/mol.K)+(1 mol O2)(205.0 J/mol.K)]- [(1 mol NO)(210.65 J/mol.K)+(1 mol O3)(238.82 J/mol.K)]ΔSοrxn=-4.57 J/KΔGοrxn=ΔHrxno-TΔSrxno=(280. K)(-4.57J/K)(1kJ/103J)=-199kJ

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ratio of rate constants is consistent with equilibrium constant at given temperature has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction: 

Free energy, ΔGο, is the measure of the ability of a reaction to proceed spontaneously. ΔGο can be calculated with the relationship.

    ΔGοrxn=mΔGf(products)o-mΔGf(reactants)o

    ΔGοrxn=ΔHrxno-TΔSrxno

(d)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

At equilibrium, the forward rate equals the reverse rate and their ratio equals the equilibrium constant: kf/kr =Keq.  Both ΔGandKeq express the extent to which a reaction proceeds and are related by the equation ΔG=–RTlnKeq

    ln K =ΔGo-RT=(-198.810 kJ/mol-(8.314J/mol.K)(280K))(1000J1kJ)=85.402591K=1.2x1037

Therefore, the ratio of rate constants is 1.2x1037 and the forward rate is much faster than the reverse rate.

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Chapter 22 Solutions

CHEMISTRY:MOLECULAR NATURE...-ALEKS 360

Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.11PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.12PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.13PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.15PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.16PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.17PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.18PCh. 22 - Define: (a) ore; (b) mineral; (c) gangue; (d)...Ch. 22 - Define: (a) roasting; (b) smelting; (c) flotation;...Ch. 22 - What factors determine which reducing agent is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.22PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.23PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.24PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.25PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.26PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.27PCh. 22 - Why is cryolite used in the electrolysis of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.29PCh. 22 - How is Le Châtelier’s principle involved in the...Ch. 22 - Elemental Li and Na are prepared by electrolysis...Ch. 22 - A Downs cell operating at 77.0 A produces 31.0 kg...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.33PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.34PCh. 22 - The last step in the Dow process for the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.36PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.37PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.38PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.39PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.40PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.41PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.42PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.43PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.44PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.45PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.46PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.47PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.48PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.49PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.50PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.51PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.52PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.53PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.54PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.55PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.56PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.57PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.58PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.59PCh. 22 - In the production of magnesium, Mg(OH)2 is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.61PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.62PCh. 22 - The production of S8 from the H2S(g) found in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.64PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.65PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.66PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.67PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.68PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.69PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.70PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.71PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.72PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.73PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.74PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.75PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.76PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.77PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.78PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.79PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.80PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.81PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.82PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.83PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.84PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.85PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.86P
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