Connect 2-Year Access Card for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Connect 2-Year Access Card for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078129865
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 22, Problem 22.56P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A balanced chemical equation between tetraphosphorus decoxide and water has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Balanced Chemical equation:

A balanced chemical equation is an equation which contains same elements in same number on both the sides (reactant and product side) of the chemical equation thereby obeying the law of conservation of mass.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Water is incorporated in P4O10 (drying agent) to form phosphoric acid.  The balanced chemical equation tetraphosphorus decoxide and water is given by

    P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(l)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The pH of the solution formed from the addition of P4O10 to water of 0.750L has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

  • pH is the logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration  of H3O+  in a solution.
  • pH is used to determine the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
  • pH=-log[H3O+]
  • pH+pOH=14

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

Water is incorporated in P4O10 (drying agent) to form phosphoric acid.  The balanced chemical equation tetraphosphorus decoxide and water is given by

    P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(l)

The molarity of phosphoric acid is determined as,

    Moles of H3PO4 =(8.5gP4O10)(1molP4O10283.88gP4O10)(4molH3PO41molH3PO4) =0.11976892molH3PO4Molarity of H3PO4 =(0.11976892molH3PO40.750L)=0.1596919 M H3PO4

Phosphoric acid is a weak acid and only partly dissociates to form H3O+ in water, based on its ka.  Since Ka1 >> Ka2 >> Ka3, hydronium ion concentration of second and third dissociation is less than first.

    H3PO4(l) + H2O(l)H3O+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq)Ka = 7.2x10-3=[H3O+][H2PO4-][H3PO4]7.2x10-3=[x][x][0.1596919-x]Assume x is small compared to 0.1596919.x=0.0339084 MCheck assumption that x is small compared to 0.1596919:0.03390840.1596919×100=21%error,sotheassumptionisinvalidThe problem will need to be solved as a quadratic.x2 = (7.2x10-3)(0.1596919 -x)=1.14978×10-3-7.2×10-3xx2+7.2×10-3x-1.14978×10-3=0x =-7.2×10-3±(7.2×10-3)2-4(1)(-1.14978×10-3)2(1)x = 3.049897x10-2MH3O+

The pH of the solution is calculated as,

    pH = -log[H3O+]=-log(3.049897×10-2)=1.52

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Chapter 22 Solutions

Connect 2-Year Access Card for Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.11PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.12PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.13PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.15PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.16PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.17PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.18PCh. 22 - Define: (a) ore; (b) mineral; (c) gangue; (d)...Ch. 22 - Define: (a) roasting; (b) smelting; (c) flotation;...Ch. 22 - What factors determine which reducing agent is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.22PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.23PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.24PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.25PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.26PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.27PCh. 22 - Why is cryolite used in the electrolysis of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.29PCh. 22 - How is Le Châtelier’s principle involved in the...Ch. 22 - Elemental Li and Na are prepared by electrolysis...Ch. 22 - A Downs cell operating at 77.0 A produces 31.0 kg...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.33PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.34PCh. 22 - The last step in the Dow process for the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.36PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.37PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.38PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.39PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.40PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.41PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.42PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.43PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.44PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.45PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.46PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.47PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.48PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.49PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.50PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.51PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.52PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.53PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.54PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.55PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.56PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.57PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.58PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.59PCh. 22 - In the production of magnesium, Mg(OH)2 is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.61PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.62PCh. 22 - The production of S8 from the H2S(g) found in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.64PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.65PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.66PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.67PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.68PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.69PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.70PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.71PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.72PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.73PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.74PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.75PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.76PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.77PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.78PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.79PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.80PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.81PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.82PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.83PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.84PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.85PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.86P
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