The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. If the product be optically active is to be determined. Concept introduction: Alkylation take place when benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of AlCl 3 , which is a strong Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction is called Friedel–Crafts alkylation. In Step 1, the alkyl halide coordinates to the Al atom of AlCl 3 . In Step 2, the X-C bond breaks in a heterolysis step, which takes place slowly, yielding the carbocation electrophile. The final two steps are the electrophilic aromatic substitution steps, i.e., electrophilic addition-elimination. If the carbocation intermediate is achiral, the product of the reaction is a racemic mixture, and it will not be optically active.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 22, Problem 22.30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. If the product be optically active is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation take place when benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of AlCl3, which is a strong Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction is called Friedel–Crafts alkylation. In Step 1, the alkyl halide coordinates to the Al atom of AlCl3. In Step 2, the X-C bond breaks in a heterolysis step, which takes place slowly, yielding the carbocation electrophile. The final two steps are the electrophilic aromatic substitution steps, i.e., electrophilic addition-elimination. If the carbocation intermediate is achiral, the product of the reaction is a racemic mixture, and it will not be optically active.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 22.30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. If the product be optically active is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation take place when benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of AlCl3, which is a strong Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction is called Friedel–Crafts alkylation. In Step 1, the alkyl halide coordinates to the Al atom of AlCl3. In Step 2, the X-C bond breaks in a heterolysis step, which takes place slowly, yielding the carbocation electrophile. The final two steps are the electrophilic aromatic substitution steps, i.e., electrophilic addition-elimination. If the carbocation intermediate is achiral, the product of the reaction is a racemic mixture, and it will not be optically active.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 22.30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. If the product be optically active is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation take place when benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of AlCl3, which is a strong Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction is called Friedel–Crafts alkylation. In Step 1, the alkyl halide coordinates to the Al atom of AlCl3. In Step 2, the X-C bond breaks in a heterolysis step, which takes place slowly, yielding the carbocation electrophile. The final two steps are the electrophilic aromatic substitution steps, i.e., electrophilic addition-elimination. If the carbocation intermediate is achiral, the product of the reaction is a racemic mixture, and it will not be optically active.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 22.30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. If the product be optically active is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation take place when benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of AlCl3, which is a strong Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction is called Friedel–Crafts alkylation. In Step 1, the alkyl halide coordinates to the Al atom of AlCl3. In Step 2, the X-C bond breaks in a heterolysis step, which takes place slowly, yielding the carbocation electrophile. The final two steps are the electrophilic aromatic substitution steps, i.e., electrophilic addition-elimination. If the carbocation intermediate is achiral, the product of the reaction is a racemic mixture, and it will not be optically active.

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Answer 5

Chapter 22, Problem 22.30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. If the product be optically active is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation take place when benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of AlCl3, which is a strong Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction is called Friedel–Crafts alkylation. In Step 1, the alkyl halide coordinates to the Al atom of AlCl3. In Step 2, the X-C bond breaks in a heterolysis step, which takes place slowly, yielding the carbocation electrophile. The final two steps are the electrophilic aromatic substitution steps, i.e., electrophilic addition-elimination. If the carbocation intermediate is achiral, the product of the reaction is a racemic mixture, and it will not be optically active.

Answer 6

Chapter 22, Problem 22.30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. If the product be optically active is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation take place when benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of AlCl3, which is a strong Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction is called Friedel–Crafts alkylation. In Step 1, the alkyl halide coordinates to the Al atom of AlCl3. In Step 2, the X-C bond breaks in a heterolysis step, which takes place slowly, yielding the carbocation electrophile. The final two steps are the electrophilic aromatic substitution steps, i.e., electrophilic addition-elimination. If the carbocation intermediate is achiral, the product of the reaction is a racemic mixture, and it will not be optically active.

Answer 7

Chapter 22, Problem 22.30P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complete, detailed mechanism for the given reaction is to be drawn. If the product be optically active is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Alkylation take place when benzene is treated with an alkyl halide in the presence of AlCl3, which is a strong Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction is called Friedel–Crafts alkylation. In Step 1, the alkyl halide coordinates to the Al atom of AlCl3. In Step 2, the X-C bond breaks in a heterolysis step, which takes place slowly, yielding the carbocation electrophile. The final two steps are the electrophilic aromatic substitution steps, i.e., electrophilic addition-elimination. If the carbocation intermediate is achiral, the product of the reaction is a racemic mixture, and it will not be optically active.

Answer 8

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.1P Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.2P Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.3P Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.4P Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.5P Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.6P Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.7P Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.8P Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.9P Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.10P

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Chapter 22 Solutions