Biochemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781464126109
Author: Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr., Lubert Stryer
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Question
Chapter 22, Problem 1P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Match the given columns.
Concept introduction:
The process of fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the animal cells, while it occurs in the stroma of chloroplast in the plant cells. It is a stepwise process, which occurs by the addition of two carbon units. These carbon units are provided by the acetyl-CoA, derived from glucose oxidation.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1P
The columns are matched as given below:
a. Triacylglycerol | 5. Storage form of fats |
b. Perilipin | 11. Lipid-droplet-associated protein |
c. Adipose triglyceride lipase | 1. The enzyme that initiates lipid degradation |
d. Glucagon | 10. Stimulates lipolysis |
e. Acyl CoA synthetase | 2. Activates fatty acids for degradation |
f. Carnitine | 6. Required for entry into mitochondria. |
g. Beta-oxidation pathway | 9. Means by which fatty acids are degraded |
h. Enoyl CoA isomerase | 3. Converts cis-Δ3 double bond into trans-Δ2 double bond |
i. 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase | 4. Reduces 2,4-dienoyl intermediate to trans-Δ3-enoyl CoA |
j. Methylmalonyl CoA reductase | 7. Requires vitamin B12. |
k. |
8. Acetoacetate. |
Explanation of Solution
- Triacylglycerols are found in almost all body cells, especially in the liver and the intestine cells. It acts as an important fat and energy reserve in the body.
- Perilipin is also termed perilipin 1, PLIN, and lipid-droplet associated protein. It is encoded by PLIN gene, and they are associated with the lipid droplets at their surface.
- Adipose triglyceride lipase is an enzyme, which has triglyceride-specific lipase activity. The function of this enzyme is to initiate the lipid degradation process.
- Glucagon is a hormone which is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. It functions opposite to insulin and helps in maintaining the blood glucose level. It also influences the conversion of triacylglycerols into free fatty acids and glycerol that is it stimulates lipolysis.
- AcylCoAsynthetase enzyme is used during the fatty acid activation. This enzyme requires ATP hydrolysis as energy to activate fatty acid and convert it into acyl-CoA.
- Carnitine is a carrier protein which is used to transport fatty acid from inner mitochondrial membrane to mitochondrial matrix.
- Beta-oxidation pathway is the process by which fatty acids are degraded. It is sequential process in which the two carbon units are removed from the carboxyl end.
- Enoyl CoA isomerase isomerases cis beta, gamma double bond to trans alpha, beta double bond.
- 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase functions to reduce 2,4-dienoyl to trans-3-enoyl-CoA during the beta oxidation process.
- Methylmalonyl CoA reductase is required during the beta oxidation pathway and requires vitamin B12 as the cofactor.
- Ketone body in the fatty acid degradation is acetoacetate.
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a. High concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is inhibitory to the enzyme hexokinase.
I. True
II. False
b. Which compound is formed when NAH reduces pyruvate (anaerobic condition)?
I. lactate
II. alpha-ketoglutarate
III. glucose
IV. oxaloacetate
True or False
e. Triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids both contain fatty acids and saponifiable.
True
False
f. Pyruvate serves as the precursor of the glycerol backbone during TAG biosynthesis.
True
False
Anser in your own words.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1PCh. 22 - Prob. 2PCh. 22 - Prob. 3PCh. 22 - Prob. 4PCh. 22 - Prob. 5PCh. 22 - Prob. 6PCh. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - Prob. 9PCh. 22 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - Prob. 12PCh. 22 - Prob. 13PCh. 22 - Prob. 14PCh. 22 - Prob. 15PCh. 22 - Prob. 16PCh. 22 - Prob. 17PCh. 22 - Prob. 18PCh. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - Prob. 21PCh. 22 - Prob. 22PCh. 22 - Prob. 23PCh. 22 - Prob. 24PCh. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - Prob. 26PCh. 22 - Prob. 27PCh. 22 - Prob. 28PCh. 22 - Prob. 29PCh. 22 - Prob. 30PCh. 22 - Prob. 31PCh. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - Prob. 33PCh. 22 - Prob. 34PCh. 22 - Prob. 35PCh. 22 - Prob. 36PCh. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - Prob. 38PCh. 22 - Prob. 39PCh. 22 - Prob. 40PCh. 22 - Prob. 41PCh. 22 - Prob. 42PCh. 22 - Prob. 43PCh. 22 - Prob. 44PCh. 22 - Prob. 45PCh. 22 - Prob. 46PCh. 22 - Prob. 47PCh. 22 - Prob. 48PCh. 22 - Prob. 49PCh. 22 - Prob. 50PCh. 22 - Prob. 51PCh. 22 - Prob. 52PCh. 22 - Prob. 53PCh. 22 - Prob. 54P
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