Pearson eText Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780136874089
Author: Frederic Martini, Judi Nath
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 16RQ
Compared with innate defenses adaptive defenses (a) do not distinguish between one threat and another, (b) are always present at birth, (c) protect against threats on an individual basis, (d) deny the entry of pathogens to the body.
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Complement activation: (a) stimulates inflammation. (b) attracts phagocytes.(c) enhances phagocytosis. (d) a, b, and c are correct.
nnate immunity:
Question 1 options:
A)
is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens.
B)
is nonspecific and present at birth.
C)
involves a memory component.
D)
involves T cells and B cells.
T cells and B cells can be activated only by, (a) pathogenic microorganisms.(b) interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors. (c) cells infected with viruses, bacterial cells, or cancer cells. (d) exposure to a specific antigen bound to a MHC protein on a plasma membrane.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Pearson eText Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 22 - Define pathogen.Ch. 22 - Prob. 2CPCh. 22 - How would blockage of the thoracic duct affect...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4CPCh. 22 - Prob. 5CPCh. 22 - Prob. 6CPCh. 22 - Prob. 7CPCh. 22 - Prob. 8CPCh. 22 - Prob. 9CPCh. 22 - What effects do pyrogens have in the body?
Ch. 22 - Explain the difference between cell-mediated...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12CPCh. 22 - Prob. 13CPCh. 22 - Prob. 14CPCh. 22 - How can the presence of an abnormal peptide in the...Ch. 22 - A decrease in the number of cytotoxic T cells...Ch. 22 - How would a lack of helper T cells affect the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 18CPCh. 22 - Prob. 19CPCh. 22 - Prob. 20CPCh. 22 - Which would be more negatively affectedthe primary...Ch. 22 - Which kind of immunity protects a developing...Ch. 22 - How does increased stress reduce the effectiveness...Ch. 22 - Prob. 24CPCh. 22 - Prob. 25CPCh. 22 - What may account for the increased incidence of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 27CPCh. 22 - Prob. 28CPCh. 22 - LEVEL 1 Reviewing Facts and Terms 1. Identify the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2RQCh. 22 - Anatomically, lymphatic vessels resemble (a)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4RQCh. 22 - Prob. 5RQCh. 22 - Prob. 6RQCh. 22 - Phagocytes move through capillary walls by...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8RQCh. 22 - Prob. 9RQCh. 22 - Prob. 10RQCh. 22 - CD4 markers are associated with (a) cytotoxic T...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12RQCh. 22 - Prob. 13RQCh. 22 - What are the three classes of lymphocytes, and...Ch. 22 - What seven defenses present at birth provide the...Ch. 22 - Compared with innate defenses adaptive defenses...Ch. 22 - Prob. 17RQCh. 22 - A decrease in which population of lymphocytes...Ch. 22 - Skin tests are used to determine if a person (a)...Ch. 22 - Compare and contrast the effects of complement...Ch. 22 - How does a cytotoxic T cell destroy another cell...Ch. 22 - How does the formation of an antigen-antibody...Ch. 22 - Give one example of each type of immunity: innate...Ch. 22 - Prob. 24RQCh. 22 - An investigator at a crime scene discovers some...Ch. 22 - Ted finds out that he has been exposed to measles....Ch. 22 - While walking along the street, you and your...Ch. 22 - Paulas grandfather is diagnosed as having lung...Ch. 22 - Willy is allergic to ragweed pollen and tells you...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1CCCh. 22 - Does baby Ruthie still need her chickenpox vaccine...
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- Outline the fundamental components of the innate defenses.arrow_forwardExplain the mechanism by which (A) macrophages and NK cells, and (B) macrophages and effector T cells become mutually activated in the course of an innate and adaptive immune response, respectively. (C) Which gene defects would impair these mutual activation processes?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true about the complementsystem?(a) It is a set of more than 20 proteins that play a key rolein host defense by specifically acting in different waystoward different microorganisms.(b) Its general functions include enhancing phagocytosis byphagocytes, lysing microbes and enveloped viruses directly, and generating peptide fragments that regulateinflammation and immune responses.(c) It is a fast-acting innate host defense that works in a cascade.(d) There are three pathways classical, lectin, and alternative.(e) The effects of each activation pathways are the same.arrow_forward
- Which of the following immune cells/molecules are most ef-fective at destroying intracellular pathogens?(a) TH cells (d) B cells(b) Antibodies (e) Complement(c) TC cellsarrow_forward.arrow_forwardWhich statement best describes the difference between responses of effector B cells (plasma cells) and those of cytotoxic T cells? (A) B cells confer active immunity;cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity. (B) B cells respond the first time a pathogen is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times. (C) B cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells. (D) B cells carry out the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response.arrow_forward
- Perforins are destructive proteins associated with the activity of, (a) T cells. (b) B cells. (c) macrophages. (d) plasma cells.arrow_forwardOne of the common characteristics of lymphocytes (1), neutrophils, and macrophages) the resulting immunity is not specialized b) they are the second line of defense c) they are all white cells d) they produce a cellular responsearrow_forwardWhich type of cell links the innate (nonspecific) defenses and the adaptive (specific) defenses? (a) helper T cell (b) cytotoxic T cell (c) dendritic cell (d) B cell.arrow_forward
- Explain seven innate (nonspecific) defense mechanisms.arrow_forwardImmune system protects our body from illnesses. a) Complete the table below to show the differences between the cells of the immune system involved in humoral immune response and cell-mediated immune response. Description Humoral immune response Cell-mediated immune response Origin of cells Primary cells Site of cell maturation b) What is the effect of an antigen on B cells? c) Name the substance that is secreted by macrophages and leucocytes to trigger immune responsed) State the effect of the substance named in (c) in immune response.arrow_forwardInjections into the heel of a girl (whose blisters were licked by a rabies-infected kitten) to agglutinate rabies’ toxins are an example of: Choose one from the following: (A) natural active immunity (B) acquired active immunity (C) natural passive immunity (D) acquired passive immunityarrow_forward
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